教师地位研究：中西文化比较的视角

发布时间：2018-01-05 19:37

本文关键词：教师地位研究：中西文化比较的视角　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：一般有关教师地位的研究,大都从政治、经济、学科等角度来展开,少有从文化比较角度来进行。人人都可能会说教师职业很重要,教师地位应该高,但实际上教师地位长期以来却处于“虚高”而“实低”的矛盾之中。由于种种原因,导致当代中国的教师地位被矮化了,远不如政府公务员、商界人士和网络“大V”。教师工作辛苦,责任重大,但却心灵迷茫,包括教育界在内的社会各界普遍缺乏对教师地位的正确认识。基于这样的观察,本文试图从文化的角度对教师地位进行中西比较研究。通过研究教师在不同文化系统中的不同地位,揭示出中国教师所承担的独特而崇高的文化使命,来帮助人们去重新定位中国教师在当代应该具有怎样的政治、经济地位。本文的意义在于为教师地位的提高,找到文化维度上的关键理由。通过研究,本文得出以下观点。首先,由于中西文化系统存在家国组织与城邦制度、德性文化与理性文化,以及圣人情怀与宗教情怀的差异,中国教师在中国文化系统所承载的使命远大于西方教师之与西方文化系统。中国传统文化把教师与“天地君亲”并列,放到很崇高的位置。教师不仅要“授业”、“解惑”,更加要传“道”,不仅教人做事,更要教人做人,教师是文化和信仰的传承者。比较而言,由于西方文化中“宗教—牧师”系统承担着信仰的教化,这就为世俗的“学校—教师”系统减少了很大一部分有关灵魂性的工作,而中国教师则身兼教师(teacher)和牧师(priest)的双重角色和双重担当,使命更为崇高而沉重。其次,我们正在努力实现的中华民族伟大复兴之梦不仅包括经济富强之梦,尤其还包括文化大国之梦,这就意味着教师既要扮演“科学之师”,更要扮演“人文之师”和“精神之师”。教育不仅是“职业”,更加是“使命”。教师应衔接“过去”与“未来”,贯通“苍穹”与“大地”,肩负“传承”与“创新”。我们不仅需要现代西方意义的“教师”,更需要“道”的“守护者”和“传承者”。中国教师的使命与责任极为重大,但是赋予教师的地位却不能与其使命和责任相匹配。中国教师承担的比西方教师多,而其经济和政治地位却还赶不上他们。第三,现代化进程中的中国社会赋予教师越来越高的要求,越来越重的工作,要使教师能担当此任,就一定要赋予与之相匹配的教师地位。基于此,我们应从国家的制度和政策、社会和媒体的宣传引导、学校治理、家长的尊重包容、教师的选拔培养等多方面着手。本文在访谈的基础上着重从学校与教师的关系、教师选拔与培养、以及教师自身修养等三方面提出了建议,促进教育内部自我提高教师地位。
[Abstract]:Most of the researches on teachers' status are carried out from the angle of politics, economy and discipline, but rarely from the angle of cultural comparison. Everyone may say that the profession of teachers is very important, and teachers' status should be high. However, in fact, the status of teachers has been in the contradiction of "false high" and "real low" for a long time. Due to various reasons, the status of teachers in contemporary China has been dwarfed, which is far less than that of government civil servants. Business people and the Internet are "Big V". Teachers work hard and have a heavy responsibility, but their hearts are confused. All walks of life, including the education sector, generally lack a correct understanding of the status of teachers. This observation is based on this observation. This paper attempts to make a comparative study on the status of teachers from the perspective of culture. By studying the different roles of teachers in different cultural systems, this paper reveals the unique and lofty cultural mission that Chinese teachers undertake. To help people to reposition the political and economic status of Chinese teachers in the contemporary era. The significance of this paper is to improve the status of teachers, to find the key reasons in the cultural dimension. Through research. First of all, there are differences between Chinese and Western cultural systems, such as family organization and city-state system, moral culture and rational culture, as well as the feelings of saints and religions. The mission of Chinese teachers in the Chinese cultural system is far greater than that of western teachers and western cultural systems. Chinese traditional culture juxtaposes teachers with "King of Heaven and Earth". Teachers should not only "teach", "solve doubts", but also preach "Tao", not only teach people to do things, but also teach people to be human. Teachers are the inheritors of culture and belief. Because the religious-pastor system in western culture is responsible for the enlightenment of faith, this reduces a large part of the spiritual work for the secular "school- teacher" system. Chinese teachers, on the other hand, have a dual role and a dual role as teachers and clergymen. The mission is even more noble and heavy. Secondly. The dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which we are striving to realize, includes not only the dream of economic prosperity and strength, but also the dream of a large country of culture, which means that teachers should play the role of "the teacher of science". Education is not only a profession, but also a mission. Teachers should connect the past with the future, and connect the heaven with the earth. We need not only "teachers" in modern western sense, but also "guardians" and "inheritors" of Tao. The mission and responsibility of Chinese teachers are extremely important. But the status given to teachers does not match their mission and responsibilities. Chinese teachers bear more than Western teachers, but their economic and political status is not equal to theirs. Third. In the process of modernization, Chinese society gives teachers more and more high requirements and more and more important work. In order to enable teachers to take up this role, they must be endowed with the matching status of teachers. Based on this. We should be guided by national systems and policies, social and media advocacy, school governance, and parental respect and inclusiveness. On the basis of interviews, this paper puts forward some suggestions from three aspects: the relationship between school and teacher, the selection and training of teachers, and teachers' self-cultivation. To promote self-improvement in education and teachers' status.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G451

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