重庆市城乡义务教育经费使用效率研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 08:15

本文关键词：重庆市城乡义务教育经费使用效率研究　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国城乡义务教育的不均衡状况由来已久,其原因涉及到诸多方面,但是经费问题无疑是其中的重要一环。教育经费问题一般包含三个方面,其一是“从哪儿来”;其二则是“怎么分”;其三是“怎么用”。目前围绕城乡地区义务教育经费的前两个问题相关研究可谓汗牛充栋,我国政府也找到了较为有效地方法,在保证经费的来源同时公平有效地进行分配,但涉及到教育经费在城乡地区的使用效率现状研究成果则相对较少。教育经费在城乡地区的高效使用既可以保障经费投入向农村地区倾斜这一方针的合理性,也可以促进城乡义务教育更好更快的达到均衡目标。重庆市作为统筹城乡教育综合配套改革试验区,是践行城乡义务教育均衡发展的“排头兵”,因此对于重庆市城乡义务教育经费使用效率的研究具有代表性。本文通过文献分析法在明确界定义务教育经费使用效率的基础上,构建了反应义务教育教育属性、服务属性的非营利性教育经费使用效率评价指标体系。与此同时,采用了统计分析方法引入了数据包络分析方法(DEA)以及Malmquist指数,建立了义务教育经费使用效率的测评面板数据、截面数据模型,对城乡地区义务教育经费的使用效率进行测量,结果发现:(1)在2008-2013这六年当中重庆市义务教育经费使用效率进步缓慢,全要素生产率变化值在0.9左右徘徊,制约其前进的主要因素是经费的技术能力。其中城市与农村的义务教育经费使用效率持平,但是农村有明显向好的趋势,城市地区有普遍衰退的趋势,经过均值t检验发现其主要原因也是由于经费的技术进步差异造成的,差值达到了5%。(2)重庆市县域内城乡义务教育经费使用效率总体差异性不大,差异集中在DEA有效占比城乡差距为21.6%。这说明总体上城乡之间的经费使用效率趋同,而城市地区高效使用经费的地区数量较多,所以义务教育经费效率的县域内均衡已不是追求总体效率的均衡,而应该是更进一步提升农村地区教育经费使用效率的DEA有效性占比,使得更多农村地区能高效的使用教育经费。县域间的经费使用效率总体差异较为明显,主城区地区经费使用效率略低,渝东北、渝东南地区教育经费使用效率优势较大;(3)从经费管理上看,城市地区和农村地区DEA有效占比与纯技术有效占比的累加值均为56.7%,说明城乡内部的教育经费管理能力基本一致,而县域间的纯技术有效与DEA有效占比累加值差异明显,说明目前经费管理能力的差异主要集中在县域之间;(4)从经费投入的适当性来看,重庆市县域内城市与农村的规模效率均值差异较大,结合上一条结论我们可以得出造成城乡地区经费使用效率差距的主要原因是县域内城乡之间义务教育经费投入的规模,这六年来,虽然城市和农村地区在投入规模进步率上是没有显著差异,但是由于农村本身在初始阶段投入就明显低于城市,因此要在投入规模效率上达到城乡一致,还需要提升农村教育经费规模效率变化。同时由于区域之间的经费投入规模效率差异不大,因此说明造成区域间义务教育经费使用效率差异的主要原因是教育经费的管理能力差异;(5)不论是城市地区还是农村地区规模递减的情况都十分明显,这说明重庆市大部分地区义务教育经费的投入处于冗余的状态。本文的新意在于:一是首次在统筹城乡背景下引入义务教育经费的使用效率这一评价指标,弥补了前人对于城乡义务教育经费研究的一块空白;二是从义务教育经费的使用效率入手,以逆向思维的方式研究了城乡义务教育经费的分配问题,与过去从投入端研究教育经费分配问题形成了鲜明的对比。本文的难点在于缺乏统筹城乡背景下教育经费使用效率的相关研究,因此对于结果的分析存在一定难度,同时由于数据的可得性原因,在指标的选取过程中要使得指标在可得的情况下具有代表性。
[Abstract]:Long-standing imbalance in China's urban and rural compulsory education, its reason involves many aspects, but the funds is undoubtedly one of the important part. The problem of education funds generally includes three aspects, one is the "where"; the second is the "how"; the third is the "how to use" the former. The two focuses on the problem of funds for compulsory education in urban and rural areas of our country government is an immense number of books, also found a more effective method to ensure the source of funding and the equitable and efficient allocation, but involves funding for education in urban and rural areas use efficiency status of research is relatively small. The efficient use of funds for education in urban and rural areas not only can guarantee the rationality of the policy funds tilt to rural areas, but also can promote better and faster to achieve the equalization of urban and rural compulsory education in Chongqing city as the target. To raise the city Rural education comprehensive reform pilot area, is the practice of urban and rural compulsory education balanced development of the "vanguard", the representative for the study of efficiency in the use of funds of compulsory education in urban and rural areas of Chongqing city. Through the literature analysis method based on the definition of compulsory education expenditure efficiency, build a reaction of compulsory education education, evaluation index the system efficiency in the use of education funds of nonprofit service properties. At the same time, using the statistical analysis method introduced the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index, established the evaluation panel data teaching efficiency of compulsory educational funds, cross section data model, measurement, for the efficient use of funds for compulsory education in urban and rural areas showed that: (1) 2008-2013 in these six years of compulsory education funds in Chongqing city efficiency progress is slow, the TFP change value of around 0.9. Wandering along the main factors restricting its technical ability. The city funds and rural compulsory education funds use efficiency unchanged, but in rural areas have obvious positive trend, the city area is generally declining trend, by means of t test found that the main reason is caused by the difference of the technology progress in funding, the difference reached 5%. (2) but the overall efficiency of differences in the use of Chongqing city within the county urban and rural compulsory education funds, the difference on DEA effective proportion of the gap between urban and rural areas is 21.6%. which shows the overall efficiency in the use of funds between urban and rural areas of convergence, and the efficient use of funds in a large number of city area, so the efficiency of compulsory education expenditure within the county is not balanced the pursuit of the overall efficiency of the balance, and DEA should be more effective to further enhance the efficiency of the use of education funds in rural areas accounted for more rural areas Efficient use of education funds. Between the county budget efficiency overall difference is obvious, urban area funds use efficiency is slightly lower, northeast of Chongqing, Chongqing southeast education funds use efficiency greater advantages; (3) from the funds management, city and rural area DEA ratio and the proportion of pure technical efficiency the cumulative values were 56.7%, illustrate the management ability of education funds within urban and rural areas are basically the same, but the pure technical efficiency and DEA efficiency among counties accounted for the cumulative value significantly, indicating differences in current fund management ability mainly concentrated in the county; (4) from the appropriate funding, the scale efficiency of city and the difference of the mean rural county in Chongqing city with a large, we can conclude by use of funds efficiency gap in urban and rural areas is the main reason of compulsory education funds between urban and rural areas within the county. Die, this is six years, although the city and rural areas in the scale of progress rate were no significant difference, but because the rural itself in the initial stage of investment is significantly lower than the city, so to achieve the consistency in the urban and rural investment scale efficiency, but also need to improve the rural education expenditure scale efficiency change. At the same time due to the size difference input efficiency the area between the funds, so that the main reasons of the difference between the use efficiency of regional compulsory education funds is the difference in education management ability; (5) whether the city area is decreasing in rural areas the scale are very obvious, this shows that the funds for compulsory education in most areas of Chongqing city investment in the redundant state. The innovation of this paper is that: one is the efficient use of funds for compulsory education was first introduced in the context of urban and rural the evaluation index, makes up for the urban and rural areas A piece of blank in the research of education funding obligations; two is to start from the efficiency in the use of funds for compulsory education, the allocation of urban and rural compulsory education funds to reverse the way of thinking, and from the end of last investment education funds allocation problem in stark contrast. The difficulty lies in the lack of relevant research on the efficiency of education funds and manpower background the urban and rural, so the analysis for the results of a certain degree of difficulty, and because of the availability of data, in the selection of indicators in the index of the representative in the available.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G526.7

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