山区乡村学校空间格局演变特征及发展水平

发布时间：2018-01-11 17:21

本文关键词：山区乡村学校空间格局演变特征及发展水平　出处：《地理研究》2016年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作为农村基础设施的乡村学校在工业化、城镇化的快速推进过程中正在面临极为严峻的形势。利用趋势面分析、空间热点探测分析、核密度估计、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对2004-2014年山区乡村学校空间格局演变特征及发展水平进行实证分析,结果表明:1乡村学校的规模总体上大幅减少,尤其是学校的数量减少最为明显,减少接近一半(49.0%)。学校的高集聚区分布于沿江平坝区和两山所夹槽谷区,而两山区相对较低。2不同类型区乡村学校的服务范围显著缩小,特别是丘陵区2014年较2004年服务半径缩小62.0%,其次是低山区缩小47.2%。3乡村学校发展表现出空间变化较为强烈的相对不协调情景,由2004年发展的不均匀、不合理变为2014年的正常合理发展。4乡村学校的变化具有显著地正向空间集聚现象,整体呈随机分布状态,现已形成一个以西南部南宾镇为中心的大面积热点区和东南向以新乐、金玲和金竹为代表的低值区。5研究区乡村学校的发展可分为:基础差—衰落区、基础好—衰落区、基础差—发展区和基础好—发展区,这一格局与地形、经济、交通区位等对教育资源的分配影响有很大关系。6未来研究区乡村学校的发展方略应着重考虑优化乡村学校的布局,适时引导适龄儿童的家庭就近就地迁移,强调中心校、"大校"和"名校"建设。在山区人口大规模流动的背景下,明确现阶段和未来的发展思路和策略,对指导山区乡村学校发展有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Rural schools as rural infrastructure are facing a severe situation in the process of industrialization and urbanization. Using trend surface analysis, spatial hot spot detection analysis, nuclear density estimation, principal component analysis. Cluster analysis and other methods were used to analyze the evolution characteristics and development level of spatial pattern of rural schools in mountainous areas from 2004 to 2014. The results showed that the scale of rural schools at 1 / 1 was significantly reduced. In particular, the number of schools is the most obvious, reducing by nearly half 49.0%. The high concentration area of the school is distributed in the area of Pingba along the Yangtze River and the valley between the two mountains. However, the service range of rural schools in the two mountainous areas was significantly reduced, especially in the hilly areas on 2014 compared with 2004. The service radius of rural schools in the two mountainous areas was reduced by 62.0%. Secondly, the development of rural schools in the low mountain areas reduced to 47.2.3, showing a relatively strong spatial change of the relatively uncoordinated situation, from 2004 to the development of uneven. In 2014, the change of village school showed significant positive spatial agglomeration, and the whole was randomly distributed. There has been a large area of hot spots in the southwestern town of Nanbin and the development of rural schools in the low value area of 5 research area represented by Xinle Jin Ling and Jinzhu in the southeast direction can be divided into: basic poor-decline area. Foundation good-fading area, foundation-poor-development area and foundation-good-development area, this pattern is associated with topography, economy. The influence of traffic location on the distribution of educational resources. 6 the development strategy of rural schools in the future research area should focus on optimizing the layout of rural schools so as to guide the families of school-age children to migrate nearby. The construction of central school, "senior school" and "famous school" is emphasized. Under the background of large-scale migration of population in mountainous areas, it is of great significance to make clear the current and future development ideas and strategies for guiding the development of rural schools in mountainous areas.
【作者单位】：重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院;三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室;资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(41161140352) 教育部人文社科项目(10YJCZH122) 高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(No.00-Y30B15-9001-14/16)
【分类号】：G521
【正文快照】： 庆400047;3.资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101)1引言乡村学校(指农村行政村内的小学)作为一种重要的农村公共基础设施[1-3],其演变具有一定的阶段性。荣中逵等发现晚清以来中国乡村学校的布点整体呈现出由大变小的趋势[4];邬志辉

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