美国K-12在线教育:现状、系统结构与政策分析

发布时间：2018-01-14 10:28

本文关键词：美国K-12在线教育:现状、系统结构与政策分析　出处：《中国电化教育》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在全球的K-12在线教育发展中,美国一直处于领先地位和增长、上升的态势。论文主要采用了文献研究的方法,从缘起和发展动因、系统结构和政策解读三个维度,对近20年来美国K-12在线教育的发展状况进行系统分析和总结。研究发现:1.在线教育在美国K-12教育系统中的应用和发展,一直是紧紧围绕下述三个目标来进行的,一是为了满足学生的个性化、多元化发展需求,二是为了促进教育资源共享、缩小"数字鸿沟"和促进教育公平,三是为了提高传统学校的校内教学质量;2.经过长期的发展和不断完善,已初步形成了覆盖整个K-12教育体系的多样化的在线教育项目形态、探索了较为成熟的以学生为中心的虚拟学习系统和构建了以州立虚拟学校为核心的K-12在线教育系统结构,在这个系统结构中,州政府、州立虚拟学校、在线教育供应商和中小学分别承担着各自的角色和职责;3.在K-12在线教育发展的早期,联邦政府和各州政府的直接推动发挥了极其重要的作用,也是近20年K-12在线教育稳定、持续发展的根本保障。这些政策在一定程度上确保了在线教育为支持和解决美国K-12教育改革和发展的重大问题和重要议题服务,包括了问责、公平与可获得性、K-12教育系统的质量和效率、教师专业发展及近年来越来越重要的数据隐私和安全问题。
[Abstract]:In the global K-12 online education development, the United States has been in the leading position and growth, rising trend. System structure and policy interpretation three dimensions. This paper makes a systematic analysis and summary of the development of K-12 online education in the United States in the past 20 years, and finds out that the application and development of online education in the K-12 education system of the United States. It has been carried out closely around the following three goals, one is to meet the individual needs of students, the other is to promote the sharing of educational resources, reduce the "digital divide" and promote education equity. Third, to improve the quality of teaching in traditional schools; 2. After a long period of development and continuous improvement, a diversified form of online education projects covering the entire K-12 education system has been formed. This paper explores the more mature student-centered virtual learning system and constructs the K-12 online education system structure with the state virtual school as the core. In this system structure, the state government and the state virtual school. Online education providers and primary and secondary schools respectively assume their respective roles and responsibilities; 3. In the early days of the development of K-12 online education, the direct promotion of the federal and state governments played an extremely important role, and the K-12 online education was stable in the last 20 years. These policies ensure, to some extent, that online education serves major issues and issues that support and address the reform and development of K-12 education in the United States, including accountability. The quality and efficiency of the equity and accessibility K-12 education system, the professional development of teachers and the increasingly important issues of data privacy and security in recent years.
【作者单位】：河南大学河南省教育信息化发展研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2016年度教育学一般课题“基于在线课程的中小学混合学习‘USSC’实施模式研究”(课题编号:BCA160049)阶段性成果
【分类号】：G434
【正文快照】： 一、K-12在线教育的缘起和动因(一)K-12在线教育的两个源头追溯美国K-12在线教育的缘起,可以找到两个独立发展的历史事件:校外远程教育和校内的计算机辅助教学(CAI)。(1)校外远程教育。K-12领域的远程教育经历了与成人远程教育相似的发展历程,其主要服务对象是那些由于各种原

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