当前我国高校创客教育实践的理性认识综述

发布时间：2018-01-14 15:05

本文关键词：当前我国高校创客教育实践的理性认识综述　出处：《现代远程教育研究》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国高校创客教育的实践路径有两个源头:一是新技术革命与新工业革命背景下,国际创客运动与全球教育改革互动助推了创客教育的发展,使之成为当前世界各国教育改革的一个重要取向;二是国内"大众创业、万众创新"持续蓬勃发展,深化高校创新创业教育改革成为推进高等教育综合改革的重要抓手和突破口,这将有力促进高等教育与科技、经济、社会紧密结合,加快培养规模宏大、富有创新精神、勇于投身实践的创新创业人才。祝智庭教授认为,广义上创客教育应是以培育大众创客精神为导向(Make Spirit-Aimed Education)的教育形态,狭义上的创客教育则应是一种以培养学习者创客素养为导向的教育模式。从现实看,创客教育是一种融合信息技术,秉承"开放创新、探究体验"教育理念,以"创造中学"为主要学习方式和以培养各类创新型人才为目的的新型教育模式,这一模式有利于创新驱动发展战略下社会对创新创业型人才的需求,因此具有广泛的适应性和实践性。在此背景下,国内高校通过优化资源、融合专业、面向创新、兼顾创业,系统开展创客教育,并且从体制机制、机构、模式、课程、教学等不同要素的创新与整合出发,构建了独具特色的、以创客发展为核心的创新创业教育体系。中国人民大学开展的创客教育是一种跨学科、综合性的复合型教育,强调创客精神培育、创客文化的积累,重视过程性的、发散性的培养实践;上海财经大学以创新创业核心素养为突破口,培育一流创新创业人才和青年创客;中南财经政法大学将创业教育培养目标纳入大学整体的人才培养目标之中,形成创业教育融入大学人才培养全过程的态势;宁夏大学从生态系统理论视角探索高校创客教育生态系统的构成要素及实践运行;黑龙江大学确立了"面向全体、基于专业、分类培养、强化实践、融入人才培养全过程"的"融入式"创新创业教育模式;山东理工大学强调创客教育促使受教育者实现由单纯的"知"进化为"知、行、创"的统一;温州大学积极探索高校创客空间建设新模式,构建"1+X"的分布式创客空间,系统推进面向全体学生、融入专业教育的创客教育教学体系;浙江科技学院构建了由"理念-路径-机制"组成的"343"创业教育体系;柳州职业技术学院以创客精神引领"素养·管理·创新"复合型技术技能人才的培养目标,构建了创新与创业教育并举、创业与就业相结合、贯穿人才培养全过程的教育体系。为充分展现我国高校创客教育实践的现状及理论思考,厘清我国高校创客教育实践的理论认识,助力中国高等教育教学改革的健康发展,高等院校的专家学者围绕"高校创客教育"这一主题进行梳理和思考,这些观点综述充分展示了不同高校独具特色的创客教育实践,同时体现了各高校在实践中的深刻认识。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the new technological revolution and the new industrial revolution, the interaction between the international guest creation movement and the global education reform has promoted the development of the guest education. Make it become an important orientation of education reform in the world; Second, domestic "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation" continues to flourish, deepening innovation and entrepreneurship education reform in colleges and universities has become an important grasp and breakthrough to promote the comprehensive reform of higher education, which will be able to promote higher education and science and technology. The economy and society are closely integrated to speed up the training of innovative talents with a large scale, full of innovative spirit and the courage to devote themselves to practice, Professor Zhu Zhiting believes. In a broad sense, creative-guest education should be guided by the cultivation of the spirit of popular guest creation. In the narrow sense, the creative education should be a kind of education mode which is directed by cultivating learners' creative literacy. From the reality, it is a kind of integration of information technology, adhering to the educational concept of "open innovation, inquiry experience". "create middle school" as the main learning mode and a new educational model aimed at training all kinds of innovative talents, this model is conducive to the social demand for innovative entrepreneurial talents under the strategy of innovation-driven development. Therefore, it has wide adaptability and practicability. In this context, domestic colleges and universities through optimization of resources, integration of major, innovation oriented, taking into account entrepreneurship, systematic development of guest education, and from the institutional mechanism, institutions, models. Based on the innovation and integration of different elements, such as curriculum and teaching, this paper sets up an innovative and entrepreneurial education system with unique characteristics and centered on the development of creators, which is a kind of interdisciplinary education carried out by Renmin University of China. The comprehensive and complex education emphasizes the cultivation of the spirit of creating the guest, the accumulation of the culture of the creation of the guest, and the cultivation practice of the process and divergence; Shanghai University of Finance and Economics takes the core literacy of innovation and entrepreneurship as a breakthrough to cultivate first-class innovative entrepreneurial talents and young creators. Zhongnan University of Finance, Economics and Law brings the training goal of entrepreneurship education into the whole talent training goal of the university, and forms the situation that entrepreneurship education is integrated into the whole process of university talent training. Ningxia University, from the perspective of ecosystem theory, explores the constituent elements and practical operation of the ecological system of college guest education. Heilongjiang University has established the "all-oriented, based on professional, classification training, strengthening practice, into the whole process of talent training" "integration" innovative entrepreneurship education model; Shandong University of Science and Technology emphasizes that the education of creation and guest makes the educatee realize the unity from simple "knowing" to "knowing, doing and creating". Wenzhou University actively explores the new model of creating guest space in colleges and universities, constructs "1X" distributed guest creation space, and systematically promotes the creative education teaching system for all students and integrates with professional education. Zhejiang Institute of Science and Technology has constructed "343" entrepreneurship education system, which is composed of "idea, path and mechanism". Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College leads the cultivation goal of "accomplishment, Management 路Innovation" complex technical skill talents with the spirit of creation, and constructs the combination of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and the combination of entrepreneurship and employment. In order to fully show the present situation and theoretical thinking of the educational practice of creating guest in colleges and universities of our country, we should clarify the theoretical understanding of the educational practice of creating clients in colleges and universities of our country. To promote the healthy development of higher education reform in China, the experts and scholars of colleges and universities have been combing and thinking about the theme of "creating guest education in colleges and universities". These viewpoints fully demonstrate the unique educational practice in different colleges and universities, and at the same time, reflect the profound understanding of the practice in various colleges and universities.
【作者单位】：温州大学教育技术系;
【分类号】：G434
【正文快照】： 一、高校创客教育的几个实践误区陈姚(中国人民大学创业学院执行副院长、教授):近年来,随着美国政府实施STEM教育计划,中国政府将创客文化纳入深化创新创业教育改革的实施意见中,创客教育迅速成为国内教育界流行起来的重要概念。其实,当今创客教育中的很多理念和做法,在过去提

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