亲子关系、同伴关系、心理韧性对青少年自尊的影响

发布时间：2018-02-12 00:56

本文关键词： 父母支持亲子冲突同伴地位朋友关系心理韧性自尊　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：青少年阶段是在个体自我发展过程中的重要阶段。家庭和同伴都是影响青少年发展的两个重要环境系统,一直以来都是研究的重点。亲子关系和同伴关系,分别是两个微系统中对青少年影响中最重要的核心成分,对青少年的发展更是具有深远意义。除了亲子关系和同伴关系这两个环境因素之外,心理韧性作为个体因素,对青少年的发展同样具有深远影响。以往研究者对于影响自尊的因素,主要关注于环境或个体因素中的某一方面,而忽视因素之间的作用过程。因此,本研究除探讨环境因素(亲子关系和同伴关系)和个体因素的直接预测作用外,还通过建立一个有中介的调节模型来探讨环境因素和个体因素对自尊的共同影响。因此,本研究采用随机整群抽样的方法,对来自山东日照地区的两所普通中学的762名中学生(其中,男生416人,女生346人;初一169人,初二170人,初三211人,高一50人,高二58人,高三104人;被试的平均年龄为14.31±1.67岁)进行问卷调查。分别使用关系网络问卷、同伴提名问卷、青少年心理韧性量表和自尊量表来分别考察青少年的亲子关系(父母支持和亲子冲突)、朋友关系(朋友支持和朋友冲突)、同伴地位(同伴接纳和同伴拒绝)、心理韧性和自尊水平,同时考察亲子关系、同伴关系和心理韧性对青少年自尊的影响机制。本研究的结果表明:(1)亲子关系的年级差异显著。具体表现在,初二学生感知到的父母支持的得分显著低于初一、初三、高一、高二和高三的得分;初一年级报告的亲子冲突的得分显著低于初三;而同伴关系的友谊中朋友支持的性别差异显著,女生的朋友支持得分显著高于男生的得分;(2)青少年的心理韧性和自尊均存在显著地年级差异。具体表现在,初二的心理韧性水平显著低于高一;初二报告的自尊均显著低于初一、初三、高一、高二和高三;(3)亲子关系和同伴关系的支持维度(父母支持、朋友支持、同伴接纳)与心理韧性、自尊均显著正相关,亲子关系和同伴关系的冲突维度(亲子冲突、朋友冲突、同伴拒绝)均与心理韧性、自尊呈负相关。另外,心理韧性与自尊显著正相关。(4)亲子关系和同伴关系的支持维度与心理韧性对自尊均有显著地正向预测作用,亲子冲突和朋友冲突均显著负向预测自尊,同伴拒绝对自尊的预测作用呈边缘显著;(5)亲子冲突和同伴拒绝对青少年自尊的预测存在交互作用,具体表现在,当亲子冲突较低时,低同伴拒绝的青少年自尊水平相对较高;(6)亲子冲突和朋友冲突对青少年自尊的预测存在交互作用,具体表现在,当亲子冲突较低时,低朋友冲突增强了亲子冲突对自尊的显著负向预测作用;(7)朋友冲突调节亲子冲突与青少年自尊的关系,完全通过心理韧性的中介作用对青少年的自尊产生影响。即亲子冲突影响青少年自尊的有中介的调节模型成立。
[Abstract]:The adolescence stage is an important stage in the process of individual self-development. Family and peers are two important environmental systems that affect the development of adolescents, and have been the focus of research all along. They are the most important core components of the two microsystems that affect adolescents, and they are also of great significance to the development of teenagers. In addition to the two environmental factors of parent-child relationship and peer relationship, psychological resilience is an individual factor. In the past, researchers mainly focused on one aspect of the environment or individual factors, but ignored the process between factors. In addition to exploring the direct predictive role of environmental factors (parent-child relationship and peer relationship) and individual factors, this study also explored the effects of environmental factors and individual factors on self-esteem by establishing a moderating model with an intermediary. By using random cluster sampling, 762 middle school students (416 boys and 346 girls) from two ordinary middle schools in Rizhao district, Shandong Province, were studied, including 169 students from Grade one, 170 people from Grade two, 211 students from Grade three, 50 students from Senior one and 58 students from Senior two. The average age of the subjects was 14.31 卤1.67 years old. The Adolescent resilience scale and Self-esteem scale were used to examine the parent-child relationship (parental support and parent-child conflict), friend relationship (friend support and friend conflict), peer status (peer acceptance and peer rejection), psychology. Resilience and self-esteem, At the same time, the effects of parent-child relationship, peer relationship and psychological toughness on adolescent self-esteem were investigated. The results of this study show that the grade difference of parent-child relationship is significant. The scores of parental support perceived by junior two students were significantly lower than those of grade one, grade three, grade one, high school two and high three, and the scores of parent-child conflict reported in grade one were significantly lower than those in grade three. However, in the friendship of peer relationship, the gender difference of friend support was significant, and the score of friend support of girls was significantly higher than that of boys (2) there were significant grade differences in mental resilience and self-esteem of adolescents. The level of psychological toughness in Grade two was significantly lower than that in Grade one, and the self-esteem reported in Grade two was significantly lower than that in Grade one, Grade 3, Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3)) the support dimensions of parent-child relationship and peer relationship (parental support, friend support, etc. The dimensions of parent-child relationship and peer relationship (parent-child conflict, friend conflict, peer rejection) were negatively correlated with mental toughness and self-esteem. The supportive dimension of parent-child relationship and peer relationship and psychological toughness had significant positive predictive effect on self-esteem, and parent-child conflict and friend conflict were significantly negative predictors of self-esteem. The predictive effect of peer rejection on self-esteem was significantly marginal) there was interaction between parent-child conflict and peer rejection on adolescent self-esteem prediction, which was manifested in: when parent-child conflict was low, Adolescents with low peer rejection had a relatively high level of self-esteem. (6) Parent-child conflict and friend conflict had an interactive effect on adolescent self-esteem prediction, which was manifested in: when parent-child conflict was low, Low friend conflict enhanced the significant negative predictive effect of parent-child conflict on self-esteem.) the relationship between parent-child conflict and adolescent self-esteem was regulated by friend conflict. The mediating effect of psychological toughness on adolescents' self-esteem was established, that is, the mediating model of parent-child conflict affecting adolescents' self-esteem.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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