中国农村居民的教育回报及其变动趋势研究——兼论农村地区人力资本梯度升级的现实意义

发布时间：2018-03-31 01:32

本文选题：农村人力资本　切入点：教育回报　出处：《南京农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：本文基于中国居民收入项目调查提供的CHIP数据,采用Heckman两阶段样本选择模型,实证研究了中国农村居民的教育回报及其变动趋势,探讨了农村地区人力资本梯度升级的现实意义。实证结果表明:农村居民的收入水平与受教育程度存在正相关关系;由于样本选择性偏差与遗漏变量的存在,致使OLS所估计的教育回报,存在向下与向上两种形式的估计偏误;在控制性别、民族、婚姻、政治面貌等个体差异后,调整后的明瑟收益函数显示出农村人力资本的整体教育回报率呈现不断上升的趋势;中等教育6.55%的教育回报率表明,投资于初中教育及高中教育,可实现个人教育投资收益的最大化,但我国农村地区却存在着一定程度的初中教育"回流"现象;而高等教育私人收益虽具备了较高的增值属性,但人力资本结构中的大学以上层级劳动力的比重较小,有必要通过义务教育的巩固、高中教育的普及与高等教育的延展,推动农村地区人力资本的梯度升级,逐步缩减教育收益的层级差别,促进农村居民组内收入差距的均质收敛。
[Abstract]:Based on the CHIP data provided by the Chinese resident income Project Survey, this paper uses the Heckman two-stage sample selection model to empirically study the educational returns and their changing trends of Chinese rural residents.This paper discusses the practical significance of the gradient upgrading of human capital in rural areas.The empirical results show that there is a positive correlation between the income level of rural residents and the level of education, because of the bias of sample selectivity and the existence of missing variables, there is a downward and upward bias in the estimation of the educational return estimated by OLS.After controlling for individual differences in gender, nationality, marriage and political outlook, the adjusted Mengther income function shows a rising trend in the overall return on education of rural human capital; 6.55% of the return on secondary education shows that,Investing in junior high school education and senior high school education can maximize the income from personal education investment, but in rural areas of China, there exists a phenomenon of "return" of junior high school education, while the private income of higher education has a higher value-added attribute.However, the proportion of labor force at or above university level in the structure of human capital is relatively small, so it is necessary to promote the gradient upgrading of human capital in rural areas through the consolidation of compulsory education, the popularization of high school education and the extension of higher education.Gradually reduce the hierarchical difference of educational income and promote the homogeneous convergence of income gap in rural residents.
【作者单位】：南京财经大学公共管理学院/公共财政研究中心;南京农业大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“基于学生发展方向的我国博士生教育质量评价模型构建及实证研究——以涉农学科为例”(71573128)
【分类号】：G40-054

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