初中生道德伪善的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 09:54

本文选题：道德伪善 + 社会距离　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在心理学研究领域,有关道德伪善的研究已很普遍,影响因素和实验范式的差异,也在不同程度上拓展了道德伪善的理论及实证研究。根据社会学习理论及社会影响理论,社会距离对道德伪善会产生影响,根据认知失调理论和双加工理论,认知启动也会影响道德伪善,然而初中生群体是否也存在道德伪善并且受社会距离和公平评价启动因素的影响,目前尚缺乏验证性的研究。因此,本研究在初中生被试群体背景下进行了预实验及两个实验,预实验主要证实了心理距离操作的有效性;实验一结合心理距离的确定及个体层面的道德伪善范式,以考察不同社会距离条件下,个体的言行存在怎样的差异;实验二以考察不同评价启动条件下,个体在自我和他人同一公平和不公平行为上道德评价的不一致情形,即双重道德评价标准的存在,结论为:(1)在初中生被试群体中,与以往研究的大学生及小学生被试群体一样存在道德伪善,表明了道德伪善在群体间的普适性;(2)不同社会距离能够影响个体层面的道德伪善,近社会距离他人在场条件下,被试会通过适度降低自身利益所得来维护好自身形象;在陌生人面前,则不会相同程度的在意形象,而会继续追求自身利益。这表明相对近的社会距离会减少个体层面的道德伪善。(3)不同评价启动能够影响人际层面的道德伪善,在公平评价启动条件下,个体对自我和他人行为进行评价时会采用相对公平公正的态度,即对于自我和他人公平和不公平行为进行道德评价时,会通过提高对他人公平和不公平行为的道德性评分来减少与对自身相应行为评分的差距,以减少人际道德伪善。在利己评价启动条件和控制条件下,则不会产生这样的影响。这表明公平评价启动会减少人际层面的道德伪善。这两个实验验证了近社会距离和公平评价启动会减少道德伪善的效应;同时在一定程度上表明了初中生群体存在道德伪善现象。
[Abstract]:In the field of psychology, the research on moral hypocrisy is very common, and the differences of influencing factors and experimental paradigms also expand the theoretical and empirical research on moral hypocrisy to varying degrees. According to social learning theory and social influence theory, social distance has an impact on moral hypocrisy. According to cognitive maladjustment theory and double processing theory, cognitive initiation also affects moral hypocrisy. However, whether there is moral hypocrisy among junior high school students and whether it is influenced by social distance and the priming factors of fair evaluation is still lack of confirmatory research. Therefore, this study carried out pre-experiment and two experiments in the background of the group of junior high school students, which mainly confirmed the validity of psychological distance operation, the first experiment combined with the determination of psychological distance and the moral hypocrisy paradigm at the individual level. In order to investigate the differences of individual words and deeds under different social distance conditions, the second experiment is to examine the inconsistency of individual moral evaluation in the same fair and unfair behavior of self and others under different evaluation priming conditions. That is, the existence of double moral evaluation standard, the conclusion is: 1) moral hypocrisy exists in the group of junior high school students, which is similar to the former study of college students and primary school students. It shows that moral hypocrisy can affect the moral hypocrisy at the individual level in different social distances. When the social distance is close to the presence of others, the subjects will maintain their own image by moderately reducing their own profits. In front of strangers, they will not care about image to the same extent, but will continue to pursue their own interests. This indicates that relatively close social distance can reduce moral hypocrisy at individual level. 3) different evaluation priming can influence moral hypocrisy at interpersonal level. Under the condition of fair evaluation priming, When individuals evaluate themselves and others' behavior, they adopt a relatively fair and just attitude, that is, when they evaluate themselves and others' fair and unfair behaviors, By improving the moral score of fairness and injustice to others, we can reduce the gap between them and their own corresponding behavior, so as to reduce the hypocrisy of interpersonal morality. In self-interest evaluation of start-up conditions and control conditions, it will not have such an impact. This suggests that the initiation of fair evaluation reduces moral hypocrisy at the interpersonal level. These two experiments have proved that close social distance and fair evaluation can reduce the effect of moral hypocrisy, and at the same time, to some extent, the phenomenon of moral hypocrisy exists in junior high school students.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】