清末奉天教育转型研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 18:54

本文选题：奉天 + 教育转型　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：清末奉天教育转型是清末东北地区社会整体转型的一部分,其转型离不开大的社会背景,但在大势潮流之下,也有着自身的特点。东北地区被视为满清的“龙兴”之地,作为“陪都”的盛京,对于教育建设,自清前期起,就给予突出重视。进入清中期以后,随着关内汉族移民不断进入这一地区,在私学渐次兴起的同时,官学却呈现出衰落的趋势。时间推移至清晚期,国运日渐衰微,面对内忧外患的时局,清政府不得不推行新政以图强国,“新学”作为新政重要内容之一被提出,于光绪二十九年(1903年)制定,颁布《奏定学堂章程》,并于光绪三十一年(1905年)废除科举。而自光绪十六年(1890年)起,奉天地区开始蒙受战争之乱,在仅仅十几年的时间里,就先后遭遇甲午、庚子、日俄战争,三次大战乱后,赤地千里,百废待兴。外国势力的威胁、清末新政的推行、科举制度的废除以及战后恢复发展的需要,是奉天教育转型得以正式启动的契机。日俄战后,奉天地区相继建立各级各类学堂,在注重国民教育的同时,专业人才的培养也同步进行,“新学”办理取得一定成果。但是转型并非简单的“新学”取代“旧学”,而是制度与地方社会不断调适的过程,“新学”又是以西方学制系统为蓝本而制定,因此还有“中西”文化的磨合。这些复杂的社会因素,致使调适过程中出现了种种“不适”症状,学校、社会冲突逐渐凸显。尤其是“新学”培养的学生群体,其思想以及社会行动逐渐脱离学校与地方政府的控制,最终在复杂的社会环境中,学生群体走向了清政府的对立面。“新学”出现后,奉天地区的社会结构与社会文化等也出现了明显的变化。清末奉天教育的转型是在其特有的历史背景下,为各种社会力量所共同推动的,这一时期转型的结果又影响着此后奉天的教育发展模式、方向以及内涵。文章以清末奉天教育转型为视角,通过纵向的历史追溯以及横向的深入研究,力图呈现出清末奉天教育转型的复杂性,进而透视近代东北地区制度与社会变迁的复杂性,也可看做是对中国近代社会全面认识努力的一个方向。
[Abstract]:The transformation of Fengtian education in the late Qing Dynasty is a part of the whole social transformation in Northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty, which can not be separated from the big social background, but it also has its own characteristics under the trend of the general trend. Northeast China is regarded as the "Longxing" land of Manchu Qing Dynasty, and Shengjing, as the capital of the present, has attached great importance to the educational construction since the early Qing Dynasty. After entering the middle period of Qing Dynasty, along with the immigration of Han nationality into this area, the private school was rising gradually, but the official study showed a trend of decline. In the face of internal and external troubles, the Qing government had to implement the New deal to strengthen the country. As one of the important contents of the New deal, "New Learning" was put forward in Guang Xu 29 (1903). The Constitution of the Destiny School was promulgated and the imperial examination was abolished in Guang Xu 31 (1905). Since the Guang Xu sixteen years (1890), Fengtian region began to suffer from war chaos, in only a decade time, successively encountered the Sino-Japanese War, the Boxer, the Japan-Russian War, three great wars, after three great wars, thousands of miles of bare land, waste. The threat of foreign forces, the implementation of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty, the abolition of the imperial examination system and the need for postwar recovery and development were the opportunities for the official start of the transformation of Fengtian education. After the war between Japan and Russia, schools at all levels were set up in Fengtian region. While paying attention to national education, the training of professional personnel was also carried out simultaneously, and certain achievements were achieved in the management of "new learning". But the transformation is not a simple "new learning" to replace "old learning", but a process of system and local society constantly adjusting, "new learning" is based on the western school system, so there is a "Chinese and Western" culture. These complex social factors lead to various "discomfort" symptoms in the adjustment process, school, social conflict gradually prominent. Especially, the students' group, whose thought and social action gradually deviated from the control of school and local government, finally went to the opposite of Qing government in the complicated social environment. After the appearance of Xinxue, the social structure and social culture of Fengtian area also appeared obvious changes. The transformation of Fengtian education in the late Qing Dynasty was promoted by various social forces under its unique historical background. The result of the transformation in this period affected the development mode, direction and connotation of education in Fengtian since then. From the perspective of Fengtian education transformation in the late Qing Dynasty, this paper tries to present the complexity of Fengtian education transformation in the late Qing Dynasty through longitudinal historical tracing and horizontal in-depth study, and then perspective the complexity of the system and social changes in modern Northeast China. It can also be seen as a direction for an overall understanding of modern Chinese society.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G529;K252

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