农村初中生校园欺负及受欺负信号特征问卷的编制

发布时间：2018-06-03 05:50

本文选题：初中生 + 校园欺负　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,越来越多的校园欺负事件出现在公众面前,这引起全社会对于校园欺负问题的关注和思考。校园欺负问题研究的专家Dan Olweus认为,当一个学生在一段时间内反复遭受其他一个或几个学生所做的负面行为时,那么他(她)就是在受欺负。欺负双方的力量具有不平衡性,受欺负者很难保护自己免遭被欺负。欺负行为具有属于侵犯行为或故意的伤害行为、长期性和反复性以及人际关系之间存在力量不对称等三个典型的特点。欧美等发达国家对于校园欺负的研究由来已久,校园欺负的普遍性和危害性得到很多研究的证实和支持。以往研究发现,校园欺负一直与抑郁症、焦虑、自杀、躯体主诉和青少年的行为问题的风险相关联。国内研究发现,约20%甚至更高的青少年卷入到校园欺负中。因此研究校园欺负问题就有着十分重要的意义。如何有效地对校园欺负问题进行准确的测量和评定一直是该领域的基本任务之一。校园欺负行为评定方法主要有匿名问卷法、同辈提名法、教师提名法和访谈法等。其中最为广泛使用的是匿名问卷法。而由Olweus编制的欺负问卷(Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire)是目前校园欺负研究中最为常用的工具之一。国内张文新等于1999年对Olweus欺负问卷的中文版进行了修订,并验证了其可靠性。此问卷针对的是校园欺负所表现出的行为进行评定,由于校园欺负参与者会有意识地对校园欺负行为产生排斥性和隐瞒行为,因此会有可能忽略掉很多校园欺负的参与者。本研究主要分为两个部分。研究一使用修订版的《Olweus欺负问卷》,对川渝两所农村中学的6,7,8三个年级的初中在校生进行调查,共回收有效问卷896份。结果显示,41.0%的学生卷入到校园欺负中,其中受欺负者占24.8%,欺负者4.4%,欺负-受欺负者11.8%。性别、留守情况和独生子女情况是校园欺负的影响因素。有65.2%的受访学生认为校园欺负会给其成长带来负面影响。选择班级里有六个及以上欺负或受欺负过的比例分别为30.9%和32.7%。为了提高对于校园欺负参与者的识别有效性,研究二通过查阅以往文献、与专家讨论、半结构式访谈等方式,编制了受欺负信号特征问卷。该问卷分为行为表现,学业表现和情绪状态三个维度。对初始问卷进行临界比例值分析、题总相关分析和探索性因素分析,根据筛查标准对项目进行筛选之后,受欺负信号特征问卷共删除了17个题项,同时对不合理的题项进行了进一步的修改,最后保留了16个题项,三个因素累计贡献率为50.999%。利用自编的受欺负信号特征问卷对280名农村初中在校生进行测量,对问卷进行验证性因素分析,结果显示各拟合度指标良好。正式问卷的内部一致性系数达到0.870。因此该问卷具有较好的信效度,可以用于测量校园欺负信号特征。结论:(1)有41.0%的被调查者卷入到校园欺负中,其中受欺负者比例为24.8%,欺负者4.4%,欺负-受欺负双重身份者11.8%。(2)性别、留守情况、独生情况是校园欺负的影响因素。(3)欺负者在对待欺负问题上的态度消极。(4)学校对于校园欺负的干预和预防活动不足。(5)校园受欺负信号特征问卷由行为表现、情绪状态和学业表现三个维度构成。(6)校园受欺负信号特征问卷具有良好的信效度,可以作为测量工具使用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more campus bullying appears in front of the public, which causes the whole society to pay attention to and think about the problem of campus bullying. Dan Olweus, an expert on the study of campus bullying, thinks that when a student is repeatedly subjected to the negative behavior of one or several other students over a period of time, then he or she is on the subject. Bullying. The force of bullying is imbalanced, and it is difficult for the bully to protect themselves from being bullied. The bullying has three typical characteristics, such as aggression or intentional injury, long-term and reciprocal nature and the existence of strength asymmetry between interpersonal relations. The origin of studies on campus bullying in Europe and the United States and other developed countries For a long time, the universality and harmfulness of campus bullying have been confirmed and supported by many studies. Previous studies have found that campus bullying has been associated with the risk of depression, anxiety, suicide, body complaints and adolescent behavior problems. Domestic studies have found that about 20% or even higher teenagers are involved in campus bullying. The negative problem is of great significance. How to effectively measure and evaluate the problem of campus bullying has been one of the basic tasks in this field. There are anonymous questionnaire, peer nomination, teacher nomination and interview. The most widely used of them is anonymous questionnaire. The bullying questionnaire (Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire) compiled by Olweus is one of the most commonly used tools in the study of campus bullying at present. The domestic Zhang Wenxin is equivalent to the revision of the Chinese version of the bullying questionnaire in 1999 and verified its reliability. This questionnaire is aimed at assessing the behavior of the school bullying, because The participants in campus bullying will be conscious of the exclusivity and concealment of campus bullying, so it is possible to ignore a lot of participants in campus bullying. This study is divided into two parts. First, the study used the revised version of the 【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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