美国教育科学研究所的科研资助模式研究
发布时间：2018-08-19 19:42
【摘要】：美国教育科学研究所是美国联邦政府设立的,隶属于美国联邦教育部的国家宏观教育政策研究机构。研究所以政府资金资助为导向统筹全国各教育研究机构的运行及教育科研活动,力图提高教育科研的科学严谨性,支持以证据为基础的教育实验的开展。美国教育科学研究所下设国家教育研究中心、国家教育统计中心、国家教育评估和地区援助中心、以及国家特殊教育研究中心,各中心分工明确,各司其职,共同为研究所服务。研究所的核心目标是“提高学生学业成就,增加政府教育问责,加强联邦政府教育控制”。研究所以教育政策为主要研究对象,增进民众对教育基本知识与政策的了解,向包括家长、学生、教师、教育政策制定者以及教育科研人员等利益相关者发布与传播相关教育科研成果。美国教育科学研究所现行资助理念主要受到了“实用主义”长期影响美国社会,联邦政府需要严谨周密的科学研究为教育决策服务,以及美国社会的问责体制要求政府对教育发展负责,这些因素的影响。在这三大因素的共同影响下,美国教育科学研究所形成了以经费资助为导向,引导教育科研向严谨性过度,引导教育科研与教育实践相关联,以及促进教育科研成果的传播与投入实践的资助理念。通过对资助方式方面的研究发现,研究所主要通过资金赠与、签订合同、合作协议三种方式进行教育科研项目的资助。美国教育科学研究所下属的四个中心,国家教育研究中心和国家特殊教育研究中心主要通过赠款的方式,主要对以大学为依托的教育科研中心的课题进行资助;国家教育统计中心与国家教育评估和地区援助中心主要通过签订合同与合作协议的方式,对科技公司、信息公司、大学实验室等机构进行资助,共同对教育科研成果与相关研究数据进行统计,公布在官方数据库及网站上,同时协助科研机构进行网络维护等工作。美国教育科学研究所的科研资助模式获得了良好的资助成效。在教育决策制定形成前,研究过资助相关机构进行科学性的实验,以确保决策的有效性,化解教育科研活动与教育决策之间的鸿沟;在制定相应科研计划于目标后,研究所通过整合汇集优秀资源形成了高质量的研究成果,有助于联邦政府制定科学民主的教育政策;最后,通过多种渠道,促进了科研成果的宣传与推广。中国教育科学研究统筹管理机构应当利用自身优势,通过经费资助引导中国教育科学研究由学理研究向关注教育实践的研究发展,增加以证据为基础的实验在教育科研领域的使用,以及及时收集教育科研活动及成果的相关数据,及时更新网站与数据库信息,并向社会公布科研进展。
[Abstract]:The American Institute of Educational Sciences (USE) is established by the federal government and belongs to the National Macro-Educational Policy Research Institute of the United States Department of Education. The research institutes plan the operation and educational research activities of all educational research institutions in China with the guidance of government funds to improve the scientific rigor of educational research and support the development of evidence-based educational experiments. The American Institute of Educational Sciences has a National Center for Educational Research, a National Center for Education Statistics, a National Center for Educational Assessment and Regional Assistance, and a National Center for Special Education Research, each of which has a clear division of labour and functions. Work together for the Institute. The Institute's core goal is to "improve students' academic achievement, increase accountability for government education, and strengthen federal educational control." The Institute takes education policy as its main research object to promote public understanding of the basic knowledge and policies of education, including parents, students and teachers, Educational policy makers and other stakeholders, such as educational researchers, publish and disseminate relevant educational research results. The current funding concept of the American Institute of Educational Sciences has been mainly influenced by "pragmatism" in American society for a long time. The federal government needs rigorous and careful scientific research to serve educational decision-making. And the accountability system of American society holds the government responsible for the development of education. Under the joint influence of these three factors, the American Institute of Educational Science has formed a way to guide educational scientific research to a strict transition, to guide educational scientific research to be related to educational practice, in the direction of financial support. And to promote the dissemination of educational research results and input into practice of the concept of funding. Through the research on the way of funding, it is found that the research institutes mainly grant funds, sign contracts and cooperation agreements to finance educational scientific research projects. The four centers under the American Institute of Educational Science, the National Center for Educational Research and the National Center for Special Education Research, are mainly funded by grants to the programs of educational research centers based on universities; The National Center for Education Statistics and the National Education Assessment and Regional Assistance Center have funded science and technology companies, information companies, university laboratories, etc., mainly by signing contracts and cooperation agreements. Together with the educational research results and related research data statistics, published in the official database and website, at the same time to assist scientific research institutions in network maintenance and other work. The research funding model of the American Institute of Educational Sciences has achieved good results. Prior to the formation of educational decision making, we have studied and funded relevant organizations to carry out scientific experiments to ensure the effectiveness of decision-making and to bridge the gap between educational scientific research activities and educational decisions. Through integrating and collecting excellent resources, the institute has formed high-quality research results, which is helpful for the federal government to formulate scientific and democratic educational policies. Finally, through various channels, it promotes the dissemination and promotion of scientific research results. China's educational science research management institutions should take advantage of their own advantages and guide the development of China's educational science research from theoretical research to concern for educational practice through financial assistance. To increase the use of evidence-based experiments in the field of education and scientific research, to collect relevant data on educational research activities and achievements, to update websites and databases in time, and to announce the progress of scientific research to the society.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G571.2
[Abstract]:The American Institute of Educational Sciences (USE) is established by the federal government and belongs to the National Macro-Educational Policy Research Institute of the United States Department of Education. The research institutes plan the operation and educational research activities of all educational research institutions in China with the guidance of government funds to improve the scientific rigor of educational research and support the development of evidence-based educational experiments. The American Institute of Educational Sciences has a National Center for Educational Research, a National Center for Education Statistics, a National Center for Educational Assessment and Regional Assistance, and a National Center for Special Education Research, each of which has a clear division of labour and functions. Work together for the Institute. The Institute's core goal is to "improve students' academic achievement, increase accountability for government education, and strengthen federal educational control." The Institute takes education policy as its main research object to promote public understanding of the basic knowledge and policies of education, including parents, students and teachers, Educational policy makers and other stakeholders, such as educational researchers, publish and disseminate relevant educational research results. The current funding concept of the American Institute of Educational Sciences has been mainly influenced by "pragmatism" in American society for a long time. The federal government needs rigorous and careful scientific research to serve educational decision-making. And the accountability system of American society holds the government responsible for the development of education. Under the joint influence of these three factors, the American Institute of Educational Science has formed a way to guide educational scientific research to a strict transition, to guide educational scientific research to be related to educational practice, in the direction of financial support. And to promote the dissemination of educational research results and input into practice of the concept of funding. Through the research on the way of funding, it is found that the research institutes mainly grant funds, sign contracts and cooperation agreements to finance educational scientific research projects. The four centers under the American Institute of Educational Science, the National Center for Educational Research and the National Center for Special Education Research, are mainly funded by grants to the programs of educational research centers based on universities; The National Center for Education Statistics and the National Education Assessment and Regional Assistance Center have funded science and technology companies, information companies, university laboratories, etc., mainly by signing contracts and cooperation agreements. Together with the educational research results and related research data statistics, published in the official database and website, at the same time to assist scientific research institutions in network maintenance and other work. The research funding model of the American Institute of Educational Sciences has achieved good results. Prior to the formation of educational decision making, we have studied and funded relevant organizations to carry out scientific experiments to ensure the effectiveness of decision-making and to bridge the gap between educational scientific research activities and educational decisions. Through integrating and collecting excellent resources, the institute has formed high-quality research results, which is helpful for the federal government to formulate scientific and democratic educational policies. Finally, through various channels, it promotes the dissemination and promotion of scientific research results. China's educational science research management institutions should take advantage of their own advantages and guide the development of China's educational science research from theoretical research to concern for educational practice through financial assistance. To increase the use of evidence-based experiments in the field of education and scientific research, to collect relevant data on educational research activities and achievements, to update websites and databases in time, and to announce the progress of scientific research to the society.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G571.2
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
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