社交网站中的亲子沟通对青少年抑郁的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

发布时间：2018-10-12 17:08

【摘要】：抑郁是一种典型的心理健康问题,在青少年群体中有着较高的发生率。而且实证研究发现,青少年的抑郁情绪随年龄的增长呈线性增长趋势。此外,抑郁还会给个体带来严重的消极影响,如更低的主观幸福感、更严重的记忆抑制等认知问题和更高的自杀风险等。因此,抑郁的影响因素及其作用机制得到了诸多研究者的关注,有关这一问题的探讨对青少年抑郁的预防和干预有着重要的现实意义。与此同时,有研究发现社交网站使用是青少年抑郁发生和发展的重要影响因素之一。社交网站是当今社会最受人追捧的网络应用工具之一,在全体国民中有着较高的普及率。最新的调查报告显示,社交网站中的典型代表——微信朋友圈.和QQ空间的使用率己达到全体网民人数的78.7%和67.4%。其中,青少年是社交网站使用的重要群体,且其社交网站使用率呈不断上升之势。有关社交网站使用和抑郁关系的研究发现,主动性社会网站使用可通过获取积极反馈或社会支持,进而提升青少年的自尊和主观幸福感,降低其抑郁情绪;被动性社交网站使用则通过(上行)社会比较、自尊、消极情绪以及妒忌等对抑郁产生消极影响。然而,己有研究大都是从青少年自身使用的角度探讨社交网站使用对其抑郁的影响,从亲子互动的角度考察社交网站中的亲子沟通对青少年抑郁的影响则较为少见。因此,本研究拟探讨社交网站中的亲子沟通对青少年抑郁的影响及其作用机制,基于相关理论、实证研究以及青少年身心发展的年龄特点,构建了一个有调节的中介模型:社会资本(包括粘结社会资本和桥接社会资本)在社交网站中的亲子沟通和青少年抑郁之间起中介作用,而且该中介作用的前半段受到青少年年龄的调节。采用问卷法,以班级为单位对武汉市八所中学1538名中学生的抑郁、社交网站中的亲子沟通、社会资本及年龄进行调查,并使用SPSS 21.0和SPSS PROCESS对问卷数据进行分析处理。结果表明:(1)青少年中期的粘结/桥接社会资本高于青少年早期;(2)社交网站中的亲子沟通与桥接/粘结社会资本显著正相关,桥接/粘结社会资本与抑郁显著负相关;仅在青少年中期,社交网站中的亲子沟通与抑郁显著负相关;(3)粘结/桥接社会资本在社交网站中的亲子沟通和抑郁的关系间起完全中介作用:(4)社交网站中的亲子沟通经由粘结社会资本影响抑郁的中介路径受年龄的调节,即粘结社会资本的中介效应仅存在于青少年中期。(5)社交网站中的亲子沟通经由桥接社会资本影响抑郁的中介路径受年龄的调节,即桥接社会资本的中介效应均存在于两个年龄阶段,但在青少年中期的中介作用更大。最后,对本研究的理论及实践价值进行了阐述,并基于本研究的不足提出未来可能的研究方向。
[Abstract]:Depression is a typical mental health problem and has a high incidence among adolescents. Moreover, the empirical study found that the depression of adolescents showed a linear trend with the increase of age. In addition, depression can also have serious negative effects on individuals, such as lower subjective well-being, more severe memory suppression and cognitive problems, and a higher risk of suicide. Therefore, many researchers have paid close attention to the influencing factors and their mechanism of depression. The discussion on this issue has important practical significance for the prevention and intervention of depression in adolescents. At the same time, social networking site use has been found to be an important factor in the occurrence and development of depression in adolescents. Social networking site is one of the most popular web application tools, and has a high penetration rate among the whole people. The latest research report shows that the typical social networking site-WeChat friends. The utilization rate of QZone has reached 78.7% and 67.4% of all netizens. Among them, teenagers are an important group in the use of social networking sites, and the usage rate of social networking sites is on the rise. The study on the relationship between social networking site use and depression found that active social website use can improve adolescents' self-esteem and subjective well-being and reduce their depression by obtaining positive feedback or social support. The use of passive social networking sites had a negative impact on depression through social comparisons, self-esteem, negativity, and jealousy. However, most of the studies have explored the impact of social networking site use on depression from the perspective of adolescents' own use, while the impact of parent-child communication on adolescent depression is relatively rare from the perspective of parent-child interaction. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of parent-child communication on adolescent depression and its mechanism in social networking sites, based on relevant theories, empirical studies and the age characteristics of adolescent physical and mental development. A moderated intermediary model is constructed: social capital (including cohesive social capital and bridging social capital) acts as an intermediary between parent-child communication and adolescent depression in social networking sites. And the first half of the intermediary is regulated by the age of the adolescent. 1538 middle school students in eight middle schools in Wuhan were investigated with questionnaires, including depression, parent-child communication, social capital and age. The questionnaire data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 and SPSS PROCESS. The results showed that: (1) the bonding / bridging social capital in the middle stage of adolescents was higher than that in the early adolescence; (2) there was a significant positive correlation between parent-child communication and bridging / bonding social capital in social networks, and a significant negative correlation between bridging / bonding social capital and depression. Only in the middle of adolescence, (3) bonding / bridging social capital acts as a complete intermediary between parent-child communication and depression in social networking sites; (4) parent-child communication in social networking sites is mediated by bonding society. The intermediary path that capital affects depression is regulated by age, That is to say, the intermediary effect of bonding social capital exists only in the middle of adolescence. (5) Parent-child communication in social networks is regulated by age by bridging the intermediary path of social capital to affect depression. In other words, the intermediary effect of bridging social capital exists in two stages of age, but it is more important in the middle stage of adolescence. Finally, the theoretical and practical value of this study is expounded, and the possible research direction in the future is proposed based on the deficiency of this study.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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