我国教育政策议程的路径研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 11:41

【摘要】：我国正处于现代化进程的历史阶段,政府政策的正确与否,直接决定着国家的前途、人民的命运。2016年5月12日,教育部印发《依法治教实施纲要(2016-2020年)》的通知,要求全面推进教育治理体系和治理能力现代化。随着我国社会主义法制建设的不断深化和完善,依法治教已成为新时期关系教育改革和发展全局的一个重大工作方针。同时,亦只有在坚持依法治教的前提下,才能实现教育政策的合法化,提高教育政策的有效性。一般来说,一项特定的教育政策的出台旨在解决特定的教育问题,相应的,教育问题便成为整个教育政策过程的逻辑起点,这就意味着,教育政策议程在整个过程中发挥着筛选、导向等功能。所以一项教育政策是如何设立的,在设立过程中遵循什么样的路径,这是探讨教育政策议程必须首先要解决的问题。教育政策议程是代表不同利益主体之间进行博弈、竞争,权威部门进行“体察”,确定教育问题的主次先后,最终决定哪些教育问题可以纳入政府议事日程,形成可操作的、具体的权威方案。在我国,教育政策议程模式主要以线性结构为主,即“自上而下”和“自下而上”两种模式,这种线性决策方式虽然在一定程度上确保了教育政策制定的高效和准确,但是这种方式仍会出现不决策的情况,演变成为隐蔽议程,造成反映的问题被遮蔽。而且,当代社会发展日益多元化、复杂化,允许政府等权力机构在教育政策上犯错误的程度和范围越来越小。本研究通过两个典型案例,对我国教育政策议程进行总体性评价,并基于多源流理论,提出我国教育政策议程得以优化的一条可能路径:多源协同议程模式。多源协同议程模式的创建不再是单纯的上下运行,而是在“内倡”和“外推”两个方向上同时努力配合。而且各个主体的互动结构不是简单的线性关系,而是网络化的关系,不同主体之间相互联系、相互依存、相互作用呈现出错综复杂的、多维度的网状结构。其中任何主体同其他主体都可以建立直接的互动渠道,或独立,或结成一定的结构展开互动。但由于这种模式尚处于探索期,本研究从抓住问题源流,借助政策源流,重视政治源流以及把握政策之窗四个方面就如何制定科学有效的教育政策提出保障措施。
[Abstract]:China is in the historical stage of the modernization process. Whether the government policy is correct or not directly determines the future of the country and the fate of the people. On May 12, 2016, the Ministry of Education issued a circular on the implementation of the outline of administering Education according to Law (2016-2020). It is necessary to promote the modernization of educational governance system and governance ability in an all-round way. With the deepening and perfection of the construction of socialist legal system in our country, administering education according to law has become an important working principle for the overall situation of education reform and development in the new period. At the same time, the legalization of education policy can be realized and the effectiveness of education policy can be improved only if we insist on administering education according to law. Generally speaking, the introduction of a specific education policy aims to solve specific educational problems. Accordingly, education becomes the logical starting point for the whole process of education policy, which means, Educational policy agenda plays a role of screening and guiding in the whole process. So how to set up an education policy and what kind of path should be followed in the course of setting up is the first problem that must be solved to discuss the educational policy agenda. The educational policy agenda is to represent the different stakeholders in the game, competition, authoritative departments to "observe", determine the primary and secondary education issues, and ultimately decide which education issues can be included in the government's agenda, forming operational, A specific authoritative scheme. In China, the educational policy agenda model is mainly based on linear structure, that is, "top-down" and "bottom-up" models. This linear decision-making mode, to a certain extent, ensures the efficiency and accuracy of educational policy formulation. But this approach still leads to non-decision-making, turning into a hidden agenda that obscures the problems of reflection. Moreover, the development of modern society is becoming more and more diversified and complicated, and the extent and scope of allowing government and other authorities to make mistakes in education policy are becoming smaller and smaller. Through two typical cases, this study evaluates the educational policy agenda in China. Based on the multi-source theory, the author puts forward a possible way to optimize the educational policy agenda in China: the multi-source cooperative agenda model. The creation of multi-source collaborative agenda model is no longer simply running up and down, but in the direction of "internal initiative" and "extrapolation" at the same time. Moreover, the interaction structure of each subject is not a simple linear relationship, but a networked relationship. Different agents are interrelated and interdependent, and the interaction presents a complex, multi-dimensional network structure. Any subject and other subjects can establish direct channels of interaction, or independent, or form a certain structure of interaction. However, because this model is still in the exploration period, this study puts forward the guarantee measures on how to formulate scientific and effective educational policy from four aspects: grasping the source of the problem, drawing the aid of the policy, paying attention to the political origin and holding the window of the policy.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G520

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