明治前期（1868-1886年）日本女子教育探析

发布时间：2018-12-31 09:44

【摘要】：从明治维新开始,日本政府便将教育定位为国家发展的根本大略,日本女子教育是日本教育近代化的重要组成部分。本文选取明治前期(在此指自1868年明治政府成立起,至1886年明治政府再次调整教育方针、废除《改正教育令》止的历史阶段)的日本女子教育进行研究。这段时期主要是日本模仿欧美教育制度,积极向西方学习的时代,也叫作“欧式女子教育理念”实践时期。日本的女子教育起源于明治之前的古代中世纪,在上层社会普遍有让女子接受教育的传统。近代女子教育兴起的背景原因主要有明治政府的重视、外国专家和本国启蒙思想家的积极倡导。这一阶段可以看成是日本近代教育的起始点,从此明治政府开始对近代女子教育制度进行了种种探索,并逐步确立以学习西方女子教育理论为主的教育方针。1872年《学制》的颁布标志着近代日本女子教育的开始,由于《学制》实施期间的女子教育出现了一些不振迹象以及《学制》本身存在一些弊端,明治政府于1879年废除《学制》,并对女子教育的一些政策进行调整,先后颁布了《教育令》、《改正教育令》等一系列教育法令。调整期间,保守的儒家女德教育思想开始影响教育方针政策的制定,逐渐改变了《学制》时期向西方学习、重视智育的基本原则,妇德及培养女子的“分内之事”的教育开始成为女子教育的重点。女子教育逐渐走向保守,为后来女子教育走向极端的“军国主义教育”埋下了伏笔。随着女子教育的发展,接受过近代教育的日本女子逐渐觉醒,开始用各种方式主动争取自己的权利和地位。随之而来的就是日本女子在家庭、婚姻、社会地位的变化,大批职业女性开始出现,女性解放运动也随之兴起,这段时期女性社会地位得到明显提升。明治前期女子教育的发展虽然坎坷,后期开始出现保守倾向,但还是走在众多国家女子教育的前列,对日本的近代化是起积极肯定作用的。
[Abstract]:Since the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government has positioned education as the fundamental strategy for national development, and Japanese women's education is an important part of the modernization of Japanese education. This paper studies the Japanese women's education in the early Meiji period (from the establishment of the Meiji government in 1868 to the historical stage in 1886 when the Meiji government readjusted its educational policy and abolished the end of the "Corrective Education order"). This period is mainly a period when Japan imitated the European and American educational system and actively learned from the West, also known as the practical period of "European women's educational idea". Japanese women's education originated in the ancient Middle Ages before Meiji. The background of the rise of modern women's education is mainly due to the attention of the Meiji government, the active advocacy of foreign experts and national enlightenment thinkers. This stage can be seen as the starting point of modern Japanese education. From then on, the Meiji government began to explore the modern women's education system. The promulgation of the "academic system" in 1872 marked the beginning of modern Japanese women's education. Due to some signs of depression in women's education during the implementation of the "school system" and some defects in the "school system" itself, the Meiji government abolished the "school system" in 1879 and adjusted some policies for women's education. A series of educational decrees have been promulgated successively, such as Education order, Corrective Education order and so on. During the adjustment period, the conservative Confucian female moral education thought began to influence the formulation of educational principles and policies, and gradually changed the period of the "academic system" to learn from the West, attach importance to the basic principles of intellectual education. The education of women's morality and training of women's affairs began to become the focus of women's education. Women's education gradually went to conservatism, which laid the foundation for women's education to the extreme militarism education. With the development of women's education, Japanese women who received modern education gradually awoke and began to fight for their rights and status in various ways. With the change of the family, marriage and social status of Japanese women, a large number of professional women began to appear, and the female liberation movement also rose, during this period, the social status of women was obviously improved. Although the development of women's education in the early Meiji period was rough and conservative, it was still in the forefront of women's education in many countries and played a positive role in the modernization of Japan.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G531.3

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