中国过度教育的测度——基于美国职业准入的教育标准

发布时间：2019-04-13 15:01

【摘要】：大学生就业难引起了中国关于过度教育的争论,然而过度教育研究的基石——过度教育的测度一直有其局限性,本文提出了一种标准化方法,用美国各职业的教育准入标准来测度中国的过度教育,发现目前我国呈现出"高端过度、低端不足"的格局,过度教育者主要分布在办事人员和商业服务业,教育不足者主要是单位负责人和生产运输业从业者。基于这种测度方法使用第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据分析了性别、年龄、婚姻等因素对过度教育发生率的影响,运用工具变量解决了忽略个人异质性带来的内生性问题。研究发现女性相较于男性更容易出现教育过度;年轻者较年长者更易于出现教育过度;已婚者比未婚者更易于出现教育过度;教育程度越高,越容易出现教育过度。我国目前存在高学历者的过度供给,但这不能通过否定和抑制高等教育的发展来解决,而是要以人力资本储备为支撑,促进产业升级和职业结构的合理转变。
[Abstract]:The difficulty of college students' employment has caused the controversy about over-education in China. However, the measure of over-education, which is the cornerstone of the study of over-education, has its limitations all the time. This paper puts forward a standardized method. Using the educational admission standards of various American occupations to measure China's over-education, it is found that at present there is a pattern of "high-end over-education and low-end inadequacy" in China, and that over-educators are mainly distributed in clerks and business services. Those who are under-educated are mainly in charge of the unit and the practitioners of the production and transportation industry. Based on this measure, the influence of gender, age, marriage and other factors on the incidence of over-education was analyzed by using the data of the third issue of Chinese Women's Social status Survey, and the endogenous problems caused by neglecting individual heterogeneity were solved by using tool variables. The study found that women are more likely to be overeducated than men; younger people are more likely to be overeducated than older people; married people are more likely to be overeducated than unmarried people; and higher levels of education are more likely to occur. At present, there is an excessive supply of highly educated people in our country, but this can not be solved by negating and restraining the development of higher education, but should be supported by human capital reserve to promote the upgrading of industry and the rational transformation of occupational structure.
【作者单位】：南开大学人口与发展研究所;
【分类号】：G521

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