歧视知觉与农村留守儿童的孤独感：亲子分离年龄和亲子分离时间的作用

发布时间：2019-05-27 00:01

【摘要】：儿童青少年的情绪适应是发展心理学研究的重要课题之一,良好的情绪适应是个体身心健康及社会性发展的重要保证。对农村留守儿童而言,父母亲情相对缺失增加了儿童经历孤独、抑郁和焦虑等消极情绪困扰的可能性。其中,孤独感是留守儿童最常见的消极情绪体验(Jing,Qin,Jin,2014;HongshanJunmin,2014)。研究表明,孤独感与身体疾病以及心理健康问题紧密关联(Rueggeberg,Wrosch,Miller,Mcdade,2012)。因此,探究如何降低农村留守儿童的孤独感,增强其情绪适应,这对促进处境不利儿童的积极发展具有重要意义。亲子分离是留守儿童群体最本质和核心的特征(Ling,Fu,Zhang,2015)。本研究将关注亲子分离中亲子分离年龄和亲子分离时间这两个重要特征,探究二者在歧视知觉与留守儿童孤独感之间的作用机制。采用心理测验法,运用歧视知觉、亲子分离年龄、亲子分离时间、孤独感量表分别测查了1177名留守儿童,包括783名父亲外出儿童和394名双亲外出儿童,考察了两类留守儿童歧视知觉、亲子分离年龄、亲子分离时间和孤独感的特点,检验了歧视知觉、亲子分离年龄、亲子分离时间对两类儿童孤独感的预测作用,探讨了亲子分离年龄、亲子分离时间在歧视知觉与留守儿童孤独感之间的调节作用以及可能存在的留守类别差异。研究结论如下:1.无论是父亲外出还是双亲外出儿童,歧视知觉都能够显著正向预测两类儿童的孤独感。双亲外出儿童的歧视知觉对其孤独感的预测作用更强。2.无论父亲外出儿童还是双亲外出儿童,亲子分离时间对歧视知觉与儿童孤独感之间关系的调节作用因亲子分离年龄不同而有所差异。具体表现为:较小年龄与父亲分离,无论分离时间长短,歧视知觉均能显著预测儿童的孤独感;较大年龄与父亲分离,分离时间越短,歧视知觉对儿童的孤独感影响越大。3.亲子分离年龄和亲子分离时间形成的亲子分离模式对歧视知觉与儿童孤独感之间关系的调节作用因留守类别不同而有所差异。对于父亲外出儿童,亲子分离年龄较小,亲子分离时间较短这一亲子分离模式下,歧视知觉对儿童孤独感的影响最小。但是,对于双亲外出儿童,这一亲子分离模式下,歧视知觉对儿童孤独感的负面影响较大。
[Abstract]:The emotional adaptation of children's youth is one of the important subjects of the development of psychological research, and the good emotional adaptation is an important guarantee of the individual's physical and mental health and social development. For children left behind, the relative lack of parental affection increases the possibility of a child's negative emotional distress, such as loneliness, depression and anxiety. Among them, loneliness is the most common negative emotional experience of the left-behind children (Jing, Qin, Jin,2014; HongshanJunmin,2014). Studies have shown that loneliness is closely associated with physical and mental health problems (Ruggeberg, Wrosch, Miller, McDade,2012). Therefore, it is of great significance to explore how to reduce the sense of loneliness of the left-behind children in the rural areas and to enhance their emotional adaptation. Parent-child separation is the most essential and core feature of the left-behind children (Ling, Fu, Zhang,2015). This study will focus on the two important characteristics of the parent-child separation age and the parent-child separation time in the parent-child separation, and explore the mechanism of the interaction between the sense of discrimination and the loneliness of the left-behind children. By using the method of psychometry,1177 left-behind children, including 783 father-out children and 394 parents out of the children, were examined by using the sense of discrimination, the age of parent-child separation, the time of separation of parent-child and the time of separation of parent-child, and the discrimination of two types of left-behind children and the age of parent-child separation were investigated. The characteristics of parent-child separation time and parent-child separation time and parent-child separation time were examined. The relationship between the parent-child separation age and the parent-child separation time was studied. The age of parent-child separation was discussed. The role of parent-child separation time in the sense of discrimination and the loneliness of the left-behind children and the possible differences in the left-behind categories. The results of the study are as follows:1. No matter whether the father is out or both parents go out, the sense of discrimination can positively predict the loneliness of the two types of children. The perception of discrimination between parents and children has a stronger effect on the prediction of their sense of loneliness. The effect of parent-child separation time on the relationship between the perception of discrimination and the sense of child's loneliness is different from the age of parent-child separation. The results are as follows: the younger age is separated from the father, regardless of the length of separation, the perception of discrimination can significantly predict the loneliness of the child; the greater the separation of the older and the father, the shorter the separation time, the greater the effect of discrimination on the child's loneliness. The relationship between the parent-child separation age and the parent-child separation time on the relationship between the discrimination and the child's loneliness is different from the left-behind category. In the parent-child separation mode, the effect of discrimination on the child's loneliness is the least, and the parent-child separation age is small and the parent-child separation time is shorter. However, in the parent-child separation mode, the negative effect of discrimination on the child's loneliness is great for both parents and children.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.1

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