美国新奥尔良的教育改革及其意义

发布时间：2019-08-17 18:46

【摘要】：像美国其他许多大城市的教育改革一样,新奥尔良的教育改革也是在教育管理腐败和学生学习成绩比较低的背景下进行的,而"卡特里娜"飓风的袭击也为新奥尔良的教育改革提供了"契机"。不过新奥尔良教育改革的基本目标是改善学校的管理和提高学生的学习成绩。因此,其改革的主要内容是变公立学校体制为特许学校体制。在新的体制下,学校的教师和管理人员都由承办者自主招聘,而学校的类型、规模、招生对象和其它相关事宜也都由学校的领导自主决定。在如此形势下举办的学校,不但具有与社区的关系更加密切,其类型更加多样化的特征,而且具有社会大学的某些特点,有的学校还具有比较浓重的宗教色彩。新奥尔良的教育改革是具有深刻社会和政治意义的:第一,有利于美国黑人等少数民族文化水平的提高;第二,改革本身也是一场反对种族歧视的政治斗争。
[Abstract]:Like education reforms in many other big cities in the United States, education reforms in New Orleans are carried out against the backdrop of corruption in educational management and low academic performance of students, and Hurricane Katrina provides an "opportunity" for education reform in New Orleans. But the basic goal of New Orleans education reform is to improve school management and students' academic performance. Therefore, the main content of its reform is to change the public school system into charter school system. Under the new system, the teachers and managers of the school are recruited independently by the contractor, and the type, size, enrollment object and other related matters of the school are also determined by the leaders of the school. Under such circumstances, the schools held not only have the characteristics of closer relationship with the community and more diversified types, but also have some characteristics of social universities, and some schools also have a strong religious color. The educational reform in New Orleans is of profound social and political significance: first, it is conducive to the improvement of the cultural level of black Americans and other ethnic minorities; second, the reform itself is also a political struggle against racial discrimination.
【作者单位】：辽宁师范大学历史文化旅游学院;
【分类号】：G571.2

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