阐释与反思：《学记》教学哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 07:18

本文选题：《学记》　切入点：教学目的　出处：《湖南师范大学》2007年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 《学记》是对我国先秦时期儒家教育教学经验的理论总结与概括。其教学论思想不仅对我国封建社会的教育教学产生了深远的影响,而且对当代的教育教学理论的建设与教育教学改革具有非常现实的借鉴价值。本文从教学目的论、教学本质论、教学规律论、教学艺术论以及教学理想境界的追求等方面对《学记》教学哲学思想进行了深入的发掘与论述。从教学目的论方面来看,《学记》提出了“建国君民”的社会建构目的与“化民成俗”的个体建构目的相统一的思想。一方面,“建国君民”的实质内涵在于教学的目的要实现社会建构。另一方面,“化民成俗”的实质内涵在于通过教学使个体文化化,从而实现个体建构。社会建构要以个体建构为基础。通过教学建构的个体应具备德性修养、智慧品格和艺术化的人生;这一目的的实现又要以个体的学习为前提,“学道”成为个体自我完善的必经之途。本文认为,在教学的价值取向上,《学记》既非社会本位论,亦非个人本位论,而是强调个体目的与社会目的的有机统一。在教学本质观上,《学记》反对注入式,提倡启发式;主张教与学并重,提倡师与生互动;认为教学的过程是教学主体沟通、对话与互动的过程。本文认为,《学记》从人的能动性的角度强调了教学的主体性本质,确立了人的主体性在教学过程中的能动作用,揭示了教学过程中教师主导作用和学生能动性的辨证关系。教学规律方面,《学记》总结概括了教学成功与失败的原因,提出了教学之“兴”与“废”的规律问题,认为只有做到“豫”、“时”、“孙”、“摩”,教学才能取得成功,否则就会失败;本文对其思想渊源与历史影响及其当代价值进行分析的基础上,进一步从心理学、哲学、社会学、教育学等角度论证了其思想的理论合理性与当代价值。教学艺术方面,《学记》提出了“善教”与“善学”的教学艺术思想。教师方面,要讲究“喻”之启发诱导、“言”之简明扼要、“继其志”之身教,以及“善问”与“善待问”的问题教学艺术;学生方面,掌握“摩”、“时”、“听”、“乐”等学习的方法与艺术。本文在分析其思想的基础上,论述了其思想对于我国当代教学改革的现实意义。《学记》认为和谐是教学要追求的理想境界。和谐的教学要做到教与学的和谐共生、师与生的和谐共处、生与生的和谐共进,最后实现个体与社会的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:The book of learning is a theoretical summary and summary of the Confucian educational and teaching experience in the pre-Qin period. Its teaching theory not only has a profound influence on the education and teaching of the feudal society in China, but also has a profound impact on the education and teaching of the feudal society in China. Moreover, it has very practical reference value for the construction of contemporary educational and teaching theory and the reform of education and teaching. This article is based on the theory of teaching purpose, the theory of teaching essence and the theory of teaching law. The teaching art theory and the pursuit of the ideal state of teaching have deeply explored and discussed the philosophy of teaching. From the point of view of the theory of teaching purpose, the book of learning puts forward the social construction of "the King and the people of Jianguo". On the one hand, the essential connotation of "the founding of the people" lies in the purpose of teaching to realize the social construction. On the other hand, the essential connotation of "transforming the people into vulgarity" lies in the communication. After teaching makes individual culture, In order to realize the individual construction, the social construction should be based on the individual construction. The individual constructed through the teaching should have the virtue accomplishment, the wisdom character and the artistic life; The realization of this goal must be based on the individual learning, and the "learning way" has become a necessary way for the individual to improve himself. This paper holds that, in terms of the value orientation of teaching, "Learning Records" is neither a social-standard theory nor an individual-oriented theory. It emphasizes the organic unity of individual purpose and social purpose. In the view of teaching essence, "Learning Notes" opposes injection, advocates heuristics, advocates equal emphasis on teaching and learning, advocates interaction between teachers and students, and thinks that the process of teaching is the communication of teaching subjects. This paper holds that the essence of subjectivity in teaching is emphasized from the point of view of human initiative, and the active role of subjectivity in teaching is established. It reveals the dialectical relationship between teachers' leading role and students' initiative. In terms of teaching law, "Learning Records" summarizes the reasons for teaching success and failure, and puts forward the law of "prosperity" and "abandonment" of teaching. It is believed that only when "Yu", "Shi", "Sun" and "Mo" can the teaching succeed, otherwise it will fail. Based on the analysis of its ideological origin, historical influence and its contemporary value, this paper further demonstrates its theoretical rationality and contemporary value from the perspectives of psychology, philosophy, sociology and pedagogy. In terms of teaching art, Xue Ji puts forward the teaching art thoughts of "good teaching" and "good learning". Teachers should pay attention to the inspiration and guidance of "metaphor", the brevity of "speech", and the teaching of "aspiration". As well as the teaching art of "good asking" and "being kind to ask", and students' mastering the methods and art of learning "Mo", "Shi", "listening", "music" and so on. This paper discusses the practical significance of its thought to the contemporary teaching reform in our country. "Learning Records" holds that harmony is the ideal state that teaching should pursue. Harmonious teaching should achieve harmonious coexistence between teaching and learning, harmonious coexistence between teachers and students, harmonious development of life and life, and finally the harmonious development of individual and society.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G420

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