我国义务教育阶段就近入学政策分析

发布时间：2018-05-19 07:33

本文选题：义务教育 + 就近入学　；参考：《华东师范大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 随着我国社会的发展和教育的转型，义务教育已经被定位为社会的公益性事业。这一新的定位需要相应的政策体系保障，就近入学政策就是这一体系中的重要组成部分，具有积极的政策价值。作为保障公民均等受教育机会的基本措施，就近入学政策关系到群众直接和现实的利益问题，然而近年来这一政策的实施却受到普遍的质疑和反对，个中缘由何在?就近入学政策要如何调整才能适应社会发展的新目标和义务教育的新定位，更好地体现和保障义务教育的公益性特点?在我国大力推行就近入学政策的同时，国外许多国家却纷纷放松这一政策，转而推行形式各异的择校政策，允许甚至鼓励家长的择校行为。相比之下，我国目前强调在义务教育阶段实施就近入学政策是否是一股逆流?二者政策基础是否相同?我国是否应该仿效国外的做法?近年来，政策科学的研究取得了长足的发展，这为政策制定、实施和评价的科学性提供了保障，也为我们研究现有政策提供了新的视角和方法论。对于就近入学政策来讲，如何吸收政策科学研究的先进成果，丰富和完善自身的政策流程?对这些问题思考是本文研究的起点。为此，，本文从政策学的视角出发，通过考察国内外就近入学政策的历史沿革和实施状况，分析其政策价值，通过对当前我国“就近入学”政策的实施现状的问卷调查和访谈，分析这一政策实施中的问题及原因，提出相应的政策建议，旨在促进我国的义务教育政策的不断完善，使其更好地体现义务教育的公共性和公益性。论文主要包括七个部分：第一部分主要阐述本文研究的背景、研究目的和意义，界定相关的概念，对已有的研究进行回顾，说明论文的基本内容和结构。第二部分主要是比较分析、历史分析与价值分析。通过对国外就近入学政策的实施状况、我国就近入学政策思想渊源和新中国成立以后就近入学政策的基本发展轨迹的分析，发现就近入学政策是国内外义务教育阶段推行的一项基本政策，尽管近年来一些国家出台了一些择校政策，但这些政策仍然是基于就近入学政策基础上的改革措施，并没有从根本上改变就近入学的政策地位。这一政策具有积极的政策价值。第三部分是对当前我国就近入学政策实施状况的调查分析。在对上海、山东、江苏、浙江、河南、重庆等地2203名家长和50名校长问卷调查的基础上，笔者用Windows系统下SPSS软件进行了结果统计分析，发现我国义务教育阶段中小学生在总体上(73.46％)实现了就近入学，但这一政策仍存在诸多问题，需要进一步加以完善。就近入学政策自身的缺陷、资源配置的不公及社会环境的影响是问题形成的主要原因。第四部分与第五部分是在前文调查研究的基础上，对就近入学政策自身的缺陷、资源配置的不公和社会环境的影响等问题以及与就近入学政策密切相关的择校问题、流动人口子女的教育问题及其原因进行了深入的分析。第六部分是思考与建议。认为至少应从三个方面着手完善现有的就近入学政策：一是政策思想角度，应恰当进行政策思想定位调整；二是政策运行环境角度，应改善就近入学政策的实施环境，促进义务教育的均衡协调发展；三是政策自身，应完善就近入学政策的内容与流程，保障政策的有效运行。第七部分是对前文研究的总结。通过对就近入学政策的考察，本文认为教育政策往往是各种利益博弈的结果，同时教育政策本身的能力也是有限的，而且我们还应关注政策的“跨域效应”。
[Abstract]:With the development of our society and the transformation of education, compulsory education has been defined as the public welfare undertakings of the society. This new position needs the corresponding policy system guarantee. The policy of near enrolment is an important part of this system, and has a positive policy value. As the basic measure to ensure equal opportunities for citizens to receive education, In recent years, the policy has been widely questioned and opposed. What is the reason why the policy should be adjusted to adapt to the new goal of social development and the new orientation of compulsory education, and better reflect and guarantee the public welfare of compulsory education. Characteristics? While our country has vigorously pursued the policy of approaching entrance to school, many foreign countries have loosened this policy and carried out different forms of school choice policies to allow or even encourage parents to choose school behavior. In contrast, China emphasizes that the policy of implementing the near admission policy in the compulsory education stage is a countercurrent? The two party policy basis Is it the same? Should our country imitate the practice of foreign countries? In recent years, the research of policy science has made great progress. This provides a guarantee for the scientific nature of policy making, implementation and evaluation. It also provides a new perspective and methodology for the study of existing policies. It is the starting point for this paper to think about these problems. From the perspective of policy science, this paper analyzes the historical evolution and implementation of the policy of near enrolment at home and abroad, analyzes its policy value, and through a questionnaire on the status quo of the implementation of the "near enrolment" policy in the former China Survey and interview, analyze the problems and reasons in the implementation of this policy, and put forward relevant policy suggestions to promote the continuous improvement of China's compulsory education policy, so that it can better reflect the public and public welfare of compulsory education.
This paper mainly includes seven parts:
The first part mainly expounds the background of the study, the purpose and significance of the study, the definition of the relevant concepts, the review of the existing research, and the basic content and structure of the paper.
The second part is the comparative analysis, the historical analysis and the value analysis. Through the analysis of the status of the policy on the near enrolment in foreign countries, the origin of the policy of near enrolment in China and the basic development track of the policy on the near entrance after the founding of the new China, it is found that the policy of near enrolment is a basic policy in compulsory education at home and abroad. Although some countries have introduced some school choice policies in recent years, these policies are still based on the reform measures based on the policy of near enrolment, and have not fundamentally changed the policy status of the near enrolment. This policy has a positive policy value.
The third part is the investigation and analysis of the current status of the implementation of the policy on the close enrollment in China. On the basis of the questionnaire survey of 2203 parents and 50 principals in Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Chongqing and other places, the author uses the Windows SPSS software to analyze the results, and finds that the primary and middle school students in the compulsory education stage of our country are on the whole ( 73.46%) the implementation of the near enrolment, but this policy still has many problems and needs to be further improved. The main reasons for the formation of the problem are the defects of the policy of the near enrolment, the unfairness of the allocation of resources and the influence of the social environment.
The fourth part and the fifth part are on the basis of the previous investigation and research, the problems of the policy itself, the unfairness of the resource allocation and the influence of the social environment, as well as the problem of school choosing closely related to the policy of near enrolment, the education of the children of the floating population and its reasons.
The sixth part is thinking and suggestions. It is considered that at least three aspects should be taken to improve the current policy of admission to school. One is that the policy ideology should be adjusted properly, and the two is to improve the implementation environment of the policy in the near Enrolment Policy and promote the balanced and coordinated development of compulsory education; three is the policy. We should improve the content and process of the nearest admission policy and ensure the effective operation of the policy.
The seventh part is a summary of the previous study. Through the investigation of the policy on the near enrolment, this paper holds that the educational policy is often the result of the game of various interests, and the ability of the education policy itself is limited, and we should also pay attention to the "cross domain effect" of the policy.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G522.3

【参考文献】