麓台书院考述

发布时间：2018-06-01 01:31

本文选题：麓台书院 + 潍县　；参考：《安徽大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 书院是中国古代特有的一种教学和学术研究场所，始于唐，历经宋元明，清代最为繁荣，至二十世纪初方被现代学校所代替，存在的历史达千年之久。书院制度始终与官学平行发展，相对独立，它继承和发展了古代私学的传统，，也吸取了宗教和官学的教育经验，实行择师选生，自由讲学，提倡读书与修养并重，教学与研究结合，重视师承学派传统。众多书院分布于全国各地，并且建立学舍、学田、学规等基本设施和管理制度，并开展学术交流、图书出版等文化活动，成为培养人才、发展学派的重要基地和地方文化的活动中心。潍坊历史上书院教育比较发达。明万历年间，刑部尚书刘应节辞官归乡后，以兴学和育人为己任，在浮烟山东麓创建了潍县历史上第一座书院——麓台书院。麓台书院及清乾隆年间在其旧址附近先后重建的西涧草堂、程符精舍，作为潍县文化教育的中心，对促进潍县其他书院的建立和发展、繁荣潍县文化教育事业发挥了举足轻重的作用，值得进行深入的研究。本文分明代以前—麓台及其悠久的历史文化、明代——麓台书院的建立与发展、清代——麓台书院的兴盛与衰亡三个阶段，厘清了麓台书院的历史沿革；从经费来源、山长聘请、教学内容、教学方式等方面对麓台书院的教育制度和特点进行了考证；就麓台书院的历史贡献和影响进行了客观分析，并作出以下四点评价：一是科举人才大幅增加；二是文化著作空前繁荣；三是右文重教成为风尚；四是书院影响远播四方。书院教育多元化办学的历史经验，讲会传统，自由的学术探讨精神以及教书育人以存养为根本、省察为修治、穷理为门户，注意“以师劳为率”、重“循循善诱”、让学生“深造自得”、“令听者欢喜”，而达到“其化之速”的效果等独具特色的教学方法，对于当今教育改革仍有一定的借鉴和启示。
[Abstract]:Academy of Classical Learning is a unique place for teaching and academic research in ancient China. It began in the Tang Dynasty, the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, the most prosperous in the Qing Dynasty, and was replaced by modern schools at the beginning of the 20th century, with a history of thousands of years. The system of academies has always developed in parallel with official learning, and relatively independent. It inherits and develops the tradition of ancient private studies, and also draws on the educational experience of religion and official studies, implements the selection of teachers and students, freely lectures, and advocates the equal importance of reading and self-cultivation. Combination of teaching and research, attach importance to the tradition of the school of teachers. Many academies are distributed all over the country, and they have established basic facilities and management systems, such as school houses, study fields, academic regulations, and cultural activities such as academic exchanges, book publishing, etc., so as to cultivate talents. The important base of the school of development and the activity center of the local culture. The history of Weifang academy education is relatively developed. During the Ming Dynasty, Liu Yingjie, the minister of torture, resigned from his hometown and established the first academy in the history of Weixian-Lutai Academy in the east of Fuyan Mountain. The Xijian Caotang and Cheng Fu Jingshe, which were rebuilt by Lutai Academy and Qianlong in the Qianlong period in Qing Dynasty, as the center of Weixian culture and education, promoted the establishment and development of other academies of learning in Weixian. Weixian culture and education has played an important role in prosperity, it is worth in-depth study. This article divides into three stages: before the Ming Dynasty-Lutai and its long history and culture, the establishment and development of the Ming Dynasty-Lutai Academy, the prosperity and decline of the Qing Dynasty-Lutai Academy, clarifies the historical evolution of the Lutai Academy of Classical Learning, and clarifies the historical evolution of the Lutai Academy from the source of funds. This paper examines the educational system and characteristics of Lutai Academy from the aspects of hiring, teaching contents and teaching methods, and makes an objective analysis of the historical contribution and influence of Lutai Academy. And make the following four evaluation: first, the imperial examination talent increased significantly; second, the unprecedented prosperity of cultural works; third, the right culture and education become a fashion; fourth, academy influence far spread. The historical experience of college education diversification, the tradition of lectures, the spirit of free academic discussion, and the foundation of teaching and educating people are based on the existence and raising, the inspection is the repair, the poor is the gateway, the attention is "teachers and labors are the rate", and the emphasis is to "follow the lead along the lines". The unique teaching methods, such as making students "self-satisfied with their further studies", "making listeners happy" and achieving the effect of "the speed of their transformation", still have some reference and enlightenment for the educational reform today.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G529

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