素质教育的新思路：个性教育的理论与实证研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 12:06

本文选题：个性教育 + 麦氏量表　；参考：《华东师范大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 百年大计，教育为本。全面实施素质教育是社会经济文化发展和提高综合国力的内在要求，是教育改革深化和发展的内在需要。素质教育要求教育要面向全体学生、要求受教育者在德、智、体、美等方面全面发展、要求学生主动性的发展。因材施教是全面实施素质教育的重要内容，而其实质就是个性教育。个性教育在目的层面上是一种关于人的个性发展的理想和目标，即通过教育使受教育者的个性得到充分的发展和完善；在现实层面上，则是一种对人的教育的基本要求，即依据受教育者的个性特点来采取有针对性的措施，简单的讲，就是依据个性来进行教育。本研究从个性的类型理论出发，以MBTI为工具，来考察高中生的个性类型与与其高考成绩之间的关系，并进而探讨大学生的个性类型与其专业选择的内在联系，从而为“个性教育”的理念提供心理学的研究依据。本研究在对个性教育的内涵进行深入分析的基础上，系统整理了国外有关MBTI的研究文献，并进而进行了三个方面的实证研究，具体内容如下：研究一通过对2128名高三学生的调查，对MBTI在教育领域中的适用性进行考察。项目分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析以及信度分析的结果表明，MBTI中文版的信效度指标还是令人满意的，同一批被试两次测试的相关在四个维度上均达到显著性水平，，和EPQ测验在内外倾性上具有高度相关，结构效度分析证明它得出的实际数据和理论模型吻合，可以用于进一步的研究。研究二重在考察高中生人格类型与其高考成绩之间的关系。研究结果表明，内倾型、感觉型、思维型和判断型的学生的学习成绩明显好于相反人格机能倾向的学生；在气质组合与高考成绩关系上，SJ、ST组合有显著高分倾向，SP、NF则有显著低分倾向，而其他组合则差异不显著；在人格类型与高考单科成绩的关系上，I、J维度的学生呈现显著的高分倾向。研究三考察了大学生中人格类型的专业分布情况以及人格类型与专业调换意愿之间的关系。研究结果表明，工程类专业组呈较高T类型分布和较低F类型分布，人文艺术类专业呈高NFP分布，信息技术类呈高SJ类型分布，社科类专业呈低STJ类型和高NFP类型分布，财经类专业具有较高的SJ类型分布；在ENFP和INFP两个NFP类型上的大学生表现出了较高的专业改换倾向，而ESTJ和ISTJ两个STJ类型上则表现出了明显的坚守专业的倾向；在对人格单维机能的分析中，内倾、直觉、情感和感知机能倾向的被试具有明显的高于相反人格机能倾向被试的改换专业的意愿。
[Abstract]:Education is the foundation of a hundred-year plan. To carry out quality-oriented education in an all-round way is the inherent requirement for the development of social economy and culture and for the improvement of comprehensive national strength, and is also the inherent need for the deepening and development of educational reform. Quality-oriented education requires that education should be oriented to all students, that the educatee should develop comprehensively in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic aspects, and that students should develop proactively. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is an important part of the overall implementation of quality education, and its essence is personality education, which is an ideal and goal for the development of human personality at the goal level. That is, through education, the personality of the educatee can be fully developed and perfected; on the practical level, it is a basic requirement for human education, that is, to take targeted measures according to the personality characteristics of the educatee, to put it simply, Education is based on personality. Based on the theory of personality types and MBTI, this study investigates the relationship between personality types of high school students and their scores in college entrance examination, and then probes into the internal relationship between personality types of college students and their professional choices. This research provides psychological basis for the concept of "personality education". On the basis of in-depth analysis of the connotation of personality education, this study systematically arranges the foreign research literature on MBTI. And then carried out three aspects of empirical research, the specific contents are as follows: first, through the investigation of 2128 senior high school students, the applicability of MBTI in the field of education is investigated. The results of item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis showed that the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of MBTI was satisfactory. It is highly correlated with EPQ test in introversion and extroversion. The structural validity analysis proves that the actual data obtained by EPQ are in agreement with the theoretical model. This study focuses on the relationship between personality types of high school students and their scores in college entrance examination. The results showed that the students with introverted, sensory, thinking and judging types had better academic performance than those with opposite personality tendency. In the relationship between temperament combination and college entrance examination results, the SJT St combination had a significant high score tendency and a significant low score tendency, while the other combinations had no significant difference. In the relationship between personality types and individual subject scores of college entrance examination, the students in the IJ dimension showed significant high score tendency. The third study examined the distribution of personality types in college students and the relationship between personality types and students' willingness to exchange majors. The results show that the distribution of T type and F type is higher in engineering specialty, high NFP in humanities and art, high SJ in information technology, low STJ and high NFP in social science. The students in the two NFP types of ENFP and INFP showed a higher tendency to change their major, while the two STJ types ESTJ and ISTJ showed an obvious tendency to stick to their specialties, while the students in the two NFP types of ENFP and INFP showed a higher tendency to change their major, while the two STJ types of ESTJ and ISTJ showed an obvious tendency to stick to their specialties. In the analysis of one-dimensional personality, the subjects with introverted, intuitive, emotional and perceptual functional tendencies had significantly higher willingness to change their major than those with the opposite personality tendency.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G40-012

【引证文献】