农村地区教育体制改革对中国义务教育立法的影响

发布时间：2018-09-07 22:16

【摘要】：世界各国的教育立法,根据其订立机构的不同,可以分为国家教育立法和地方教育立法两大层次。其中,在以集权教育管理体制为主的国家里,国家层次的教育立法占据着明显重要的位置,而在以分权教育管理体制为主的国家里,地方层次的教育立法又有着明显的优势。二战以来,为了更好地适应教育发展的需要,世界各国通过国家与地方教育立法关系的调整,使集权制与分权制教育管理体制出现了相互融合的趋势。开展国家与地方教育立法关系的研究,不仅能够使我们清晰地认识两大层次的教育立法机构不同立法地位形成与变迁的过程,同时,通过对一些深层次问题的挖掘,也可以使我们准确地把握世界各国教育管理体制中集权制与分权制相互融合的一些内在趋势。本次笔谈选取了五个国家作为研究的样本,其中,中国、法国、日本作为集权制教育管理体制的代表,美国和澳大利亚作为教育分权制国家的代表;同时为了更加清晰地说明问题,5篇文章有的是从宏观上对立法关系进行概括,还有的是从微观层面结合具体立法探讨此种关系。当然,从所选择样本的广度和对问题研究的深度来说,本次笔谈还有许多可以商榷的地方,但瑕不掩瑜。愿本次笔谈能够为包括中国教育立法体制在内的全方位教育管理体制的改革提供有益的借鉴和启迪。
[Abstract]:According to the different institutions, the education legislation of countries in the world can be divided into two levels: national education legislation and local education legislation. Among them, in the countries with centralized educational management system, the education legislation at the national level occupies an obvious important position, while in the countries with decentralized educational management system, the local education legislation has obvious advantages. Since World War II, in order to better adapt to the needs of the development of education, countries in the world through the adjustment of the relationship between national and local education legislation, the centralization and decentralization of the educational management system has shown a trend of mutual integration. The research on the relationship between the state and the local education legislation can not only make us understand clearly the process of the formation and change of the different legislative status of the two major educational legislatures, but also, through the excavation of some deep-seated problems, It also enables us to accurately grasp some internal trends of the integration of centralization and decentralization in the educational management system of countries all over the world. In this paper, five countries are selected as the research samples, including China, France, Japan as the representative of centralized education management system, the United States and Australia as representatives of educational decentralization countries; At the same time, in order to explain the problem more clearly, some of the five articles generalize the legislative relationship from the macro level, and the other is to discuss the relationship from the micro level combined with the specific legislation. Of course, in terms of the breadth of the sample selected and the depth of the research, there are still a lot to discuss in this paper, but the shortcomings do not obscure. I hope this written talk can provide useful reference and inspiration for the reform of the all-round educational management system including China's educational legislative system.
【作者单位】：
【基金】：河北省哲学社会科学规划课题(200304017)
【分类号】：D922.16;G521

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