我国义务教育有效供给研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 09:24

【摘要】： 教育供求问题是我国教育发展的主要矛盾，即使义务教育也不例外。尽管当前我国已基本普及九年制义务教育，除了少数贫困地区和特殊群体外，教育供给数量已基本满足教育需求；但是，我们也应清醒地看到，义务教育发展仍然面临着许多困难和问题，教育投入与义务教育发展的客观需要相比仍然严重不足，义务教育发展不平衡的问题还比较突出，城乡、地区之间义务教育的办学条件、教育质量差距依然巨大，等等。这些问题归结到一点，即义务教育有效供给仍然不足。因此，必须从扩大义务教育的有效供给入手，最大限度地引导和满足义务教育的需求，缓解义务教育的供求矛盾，促进义务教育的均衡发展。这也是义务教育基本普及之后，我国教育亟待研究和解决的一个重大问题。本文立足于中国现实国情，以教育供给为切入点，借鉴发展经济学、制度经济学和公共经济学的相关理论，从理论分析、实证分析和政策分析三个层面依次分析和研究了教育供给的特征、教育有效供给的内涵、义务教育有效供给的界定、我国义务教育供给的现状、义务教育有效供给不足的成因，并在此基础上提出了全面提高我国义务教育有效供给的对策思路。论文共分为七个部分：第一章为导言，主要是确定论文所要研究的问题，并简要分析了教育有效供给的研究现状，拟定了本文的基本研究思路与研究方法。第二章界定和描述了供给、教育供给的概念与特征。教育供给和需求与经济学中的供求有明显不同，教育供求比经济学中的一般商品供求要复杂得多。调节教育供给与需求，规划教育供给的方法主要有人力需求法、教育投资收益法和社会需求法，其中人力需求法是调节义务教育供求的主要方法，社会需求法对农村义务教育供求也具有一定影响。第三章主要分析了教育有效供给的含义与形成条件。有效供给是发展经济学和公共经济学中的一个新兴理论，有效供给的实质是指经济发展中生产可能性边界的持续扩张以及与收益递增趋势并存的供给机制，有效供给理论侧重于研究资源配置效率的不断提升和拓展供给的潜在能力。教育供给是否有效在一定意义上是一种价值判断，考察教育供求状态的标准是多方面的。教育有效供给的形成受各种条件的限制。第四章首先回顾了义务教育产生与发展的历史原因及义务教育的产品属性，然后提出了义务教育有效供给的概念、形成过程、作用、特征与影响因素。义务教育有效供给理论的提出，对促进我国义务教育均衡发展具有积极意义。义务教育供给应具备数量充足、质量均衡、促进公平和提高效率等四个主要特征。由于义务教育与学龄儿童的数量有密切关系，因此，学龄人口的总量、分布、迁移和教育期望是影响义务教育有效供给的主要因素。第五章对我国义务教育供给状况的考察主要从教育机会供给的数量、质量、公平和效率四个方面来进行，在时间段的选取上，我们主要考察2000年之后义务教育发展情况。从以上四个维度来看，我国义务教育供给的现状可以归纳为义务教育有效供给不足，义务教育供给的数量、质量难以满足教育需求，同时在供给过程中的种种不公平和低效现象也很突出。第六章探讨了我国义务教育有效供给不足的成因，导致义务教育有效供给不足的原因是多方面的，既有长期以来形成的地区差异和城乡差异，也有教育制度方面的缺陷，而且我国正处于社会转型时期，缺乏对教育需求的科学预测和教育体制改革的滞后也影响到了义务教育的有效供给。第七章结合近年来我国实施的一系列重大教育政策的调整，对扩大义务教育有效供给提出对策建议。义务教育有效供给水平的提高必需具备内在的推动力，通过制定科学的教育供给方法，有助于我们根据多变的教育需求及时调整供给策略，从而减少教育供给的不足与过剩。中央政府应当是义务教育的主要供给者，通过教育制度的调整来逐步扩大义务教育有效供给是当前的迫切任务。未来的教育制度调整应当打破城乡发展的制度障碍，科学规划义务教育供给；重新划分各级政府职责，，实施绩效管理激励机制；优化义务教育资源配置，促进义务教育均衡发展。
[Abstract]:The problem of supply and demand of education is the principal contradiction of educational development in our country, even if compulsory education is no exception. Although the nine-year compulsory education has been basically popularized in our country, in addition to a few poverty-stricken areas and special groups, the educational supply quantity has basically met the needs of education; however, we should also be soberly aware that the development of compulsory education still faces many difficulties and problems, Compared with the objective needs of the development of compulsory education, the educational investment is still seriously insufficient, the problem of unbalanced development of compulsory education is still outstanding, the school conditions of compulsory education between urban and rural areas and regions, the educational quality gap is still huge, and so on. These problems are linked to a point where the effective supply of compulsory education is still insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the effective supply of compulsory education, to guide and meet the demand of compulsory education, to alleviate the contradiction between compulsory education and to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. This is also a major problem that China's education needs to be studied and solved after the basic popularization of compulsory education. Based on the actual situation of China and taking the education supply as the entry point, this paper draws on the relevant theories of development economics, institutional economics and public economics, analyzes and studies the education supply from three aspects: theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and policy analysis. The connotation of effective supply of compulsory education, the definition of effective supply of compulsory education, the present situation of compulsory education supply in China and the cause of insufficient supply of compulsory education are put forward, and the effective supply of compulsory education in our country is put forward. The paper is divided into seven parts: the first chapter is the introduction, the main purpose is to determine the problems to be studied in the paper, and the research status of the effective supply of education is analyzed briefly, and the basic research of this paper is drawn up. The second chapter defines and describes the supply Educational supply and demand are different from supply and demand in economics, and education supply and demand are higher than that in economics In order to adjust the supply and demand of education, the methods of planning education supply mainly include manpower demand method, education investment income method and social demand law, in which the manpower demand method is the main method to adjust the supply and demand of compulsory education, and the social demand method is the rural obligation. The supply and demand of education also have a certain influence. The effective supply is a new theory in development economics and public economics, and the essence of effective supply refers to the continuous expansion of the boundary of production possibility in economic development. The effective supply theory focuses on the research of resource allocation efficiency. Whether the supply of education is effective in a certain sense is a kind of value judgment and examination. The standard of the state of supply and demand of education is multi-faceted. The formation of effective supply is limited by various conditions. The fourth chapter firstly reviews the historical reasons of the emergence and development of compulsory education and the product attributes of compulsory education, and then puts forward the effective supply of compulsory education. The concept, formation process, function, characteristic and influence factors of compulsory education. It is of positive significance to promote the balanced development of compulsory education in our country. The supply of compulsory education should have sufficient quantity and quality. As a result of the close relationship between compulsory education and the number of school-age children, the total amount, distribution, migration and education of school-age population are closely related to the number of school-age children. Education expectation is the main factor that affects the effective supply of compulsory education. The fifth chapter studies the supply situation of compulsory education in China mainly from four aspects of the quantity, quality, fairness and efficiency of education opportunity supply. At last, we mainly investigate the development of compulsory education after 2000. From the above four dimensions, the present situation of compulsory education in our country can be summarized as the insufficient supply of compulsory education, the quantity and quality of compulsory education supply can't meet the needs of education. At the same time, the unfair and ineffective phenomena in the supply process are also outstanding. Chapter six discusses the causes of insufficient effective supply of compulsory education in our country, which leads to the insufficient supply of compulsory education in many aspects, including the regional difference and the difference between urban and rural areas for a long time. Besides, there are some defects in the educational system, and our country is in the period of social transformation. The lag of science prediction and educational system reform also affects the effective supply of compulsory education. The adjustment of a series of major educational policies has put forward the countermeasures to expand the effective supply of compulsory education. The improvement of the effective supply level of compulsory education must have the intrinsic impetus, and help us root through the development of scientific education supply method. According to the changeable educational demand, the supply strategy is adjusted in time, so as to reduce the shortage and surplus of education supply. The central government should be the main speaker of compulsory education Through the adjustment of the educational system, the effective supply of compulsory education is an urgent task. The future education system adjustment should break the institutional barriers of urban and rural development, scientifically plan the supply of compulsory education, and re-divide government responsibilities at all levels.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G522.3

【引证文献】