黑龙江省农村教育发展与改革的策略研究

发布时间：2019-06-04 05:07

【摘要】： 本研究选择黑龙江省农村教育发展与改革策略研究为题目，原因在于我国是一个人口众多的农业大国，全国近70％的人口居住在农村。农业和农村现代化的实现，取决于农村人口素质的提高。只有大力改革和发展农村基础教育，大幅度提高农村人口的科学文化素质，培养大批的农业生产专门人才，才能实现农村现代化。温家宝总理在2003年10月全国农村教育工作会议上讲到：“教育是现代文明的基石。提高国民素质，增强综合国力，必须大力发展教育事业。农村教育影响广泛，关系农村经济和社会发展的全局”。大力发展农村教育，是从根本上解决“三农”问题的关键所在，是促进农村经济社会协调发展的重大举措。尤其作为农业大省的黑龙江省，根据现阶段社会经济发展状况和农村的实际需求，探索农村教育发展的途径与策略，对提高农村人口素质，增加农民收入，推进社会主义新农村与和谐社会建设，促进农业及农村可持续发展具有重要作用，也具有重要的学术价值和现实的指导意义。本研究内容是在作者主持的课题《黑龙江省农村教育的现状、问题及对策研究》、《中俄边境地区基础教育对比研究》的基础上，以黑龙江省作为实证分析与研究对象，运用系统科学、经济学及社会学理论与方法对黑龙江省农村教育进行全面分析与研究，提出发展策略。研究的目的在于改革和发展农村教育，加强农村教育为培养人才，为社会主义建设与发展服务的能力，更好地促进农村生活质量的提高，建设健康、文明、富裕、和谐的农村社会。本研究对国内外农村教育研究现状在理论与实践方面进行全面综述，在此基础上确立研究起点。从农村教育的基本理论研究入手，通过对黑龙江省农村教育的发展环境辨识、态势分析与问题诊断，有针对性提出应对策略。本研究对黑龙江省农村教育发展基本情况进行充分的调查研究与统计分析，全面认识并了解农村教育发展的经济、社会环境与条件，将农村教育系统纳入整个经济与社会系统之中，从而科学客观地认识农村教育发展的现实条件及存在的问题。采用特尔菲法对农村教育问题进行排序，用层次分析法对黑龙江省农村教育系统进行战略分区研究，从不同的侧面深刻揭示农村教育当前亟待解决的主要问题。本研究对农村教育的基本理论从两个方面进行了研究。一是农村教育与经济社会协凋发展的理论研究，从经济学与社会学两个视角认识影响与促进农村教育发展的理论基础。从经济学的角度研究人力资本理论与经济发展的关系、可持续发展与协调理论和农村教育发展的关系，从社会学角度研究和谐教育理论和人的整体发展理论，为农村教育理论奠定坚实的理论基础。二是对农村教育的基本理论进行研究，重新界定“农村教育”的概念。在总结前人研究的基础上，本文认为，农村教育是“发生在乡及乡以下，以农村人口为教育对象的基础教育、职业教育和成人教育的总称。”本研究对农村教育的特征进行了总结，农村教育的基本特征可归纳为：农村教育区域发展不平衡性、农村学校布局分散性、农村教育内容实用性、农村教育时间季节性，尤其是提炼了黑龙江省农村教育的办学模式，即农村基础教育素质教育模式、农村职业教育自主发展模式、农村成人教育联合办学模式。在办学模式研究中，合作、联合、参与及开放式的特点在办学中发挥优势作用。本研究通过调查整理5年的数据资料，，对黑龙江省农村教育的发展态势进行了量化分析，并采用特尔菲法提出问题重要性的排序。通过数据分析，发现黑龙江省农村教育系统亟待解决的问题。本研究运用聚类分析方法与层次分析法对农村教育系统中的基础教育进行了战略分区，对黑龙江省64个县及县级市的农村教育进行排序，根据排序结果划分出一级地区9个，二级地区18个，三级地区13个，四级地区24个，并结合调研对分区结果进行了综合评价，从宏观到微观给出了对分级结果的分析，为全省农村教育发展提出了总体框架。进行战略分区不仅揭示全省农村基础教育的类型结构，为宏观指导教育的发展提供理论依据，而且揭示了各地农村教育的类别属性，为微观分类指导提供依据。本研究结合对黑龙江省实证研究的成果，系统地提出了农村教育发展与改革的战略措施，在转变教育观念，提高对农村教育重大意义的认识，推进农村教学改革及加快农村中小学人事制度改革方面提出创新性和建设性的改革与发展策略。对策的提出既站在宏观的角度，又结合黑龙江省具体情况，较好地体现了宏观与微观的有机结合，使研究成果具有良好的可操作性。本研究采用定性与定量结合，宏观与微观结合，理论与实践结合，现实与未来结合的研究思路及方法，针对黑龙江省农村教育存在的问题，系统地提出了相应对策，为相关部门的决策提供了理论依据。在国家充分重视“三农”问题和全面建设小康、和谐社会的背景下，本研究为探索农村教育的发展道路，促进农村教育水平提高，推进城乡教育均衡协调发展，促进农村经济发展及和谐社会建设提供可行的建议，为教育科学研究及政府部门决策提供帮助，具有广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:This study selected the development and reform strategy of rural education in Heilongjiang province as the subject, because our country is a large population of large-scale agricultural power, nearly 70% of the country's population is living in the countryside. The realization of agricultural and rural modernization depends on the improvement of the quality of the rural population. Only by vigorously reforming and developing rural basic education, the scientific and cultural quality of the rural population is greatly improved, and a large number of specialized personnel for agricultural production can be cultivated in order to realize the modernization of the countryside. In October 2003, the Prime Minister of Mr. Wen said, "The "Education is the cornerstone of modern civilization. To improve the national quality and to enhance the overall national strength, we must vigorously develop the education cause. The rural education has a wide impact on the overall situation of the rural economy and the social development". Vigorously developing the rural education is the key to the fundamental solution of the "rural and rural areas" problem, and is a great measure to promote the harmonious development of the rural economy and society. In particular, as the Heilongjiang province of the agricultural province, according to the current social and economic development situation and the actual demand of the countryside, the way and the strategy of the rural education development are explored, the rural population quality is improved, the income of the peasants is increased, the construction of the new socialist countryside and the harmonious society is promoted, It is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of agriculture and the countryside, and it also has important guiding significance for academic value and reality. The content of this study is based on the current situation, problems and countermeasures of the rural education in Heilongjiang Province, which is under the auspices of the author, and on the basis of the comparative study on the basic education in the border areas of China and Russia, as an empirical analysis and research object in Heilongjiang Province. Based on the theory and method of system science, economics and sociology, the rural education in Heilongjiang province is analyzed and studied in a comprehensive way. The purpose of the study is to reform and develop the rural education, to strengthen the rural education to train the talents, to build the capacity of the socialist construction and development service, to better promote the improvement of the quality of the rural life, to build a healthy, civilized and well-off society. The study of the present situation of rural education at home and abroad in the aspects of theory and practice In this paper, the starting point of the research is set up, and the development environment of the rural education in Heilongjiang province is identified through the basic theoretical study of the rural education. The research and analysis of the basic situation of the rural education in Heilongjiang Province are carried out, and the economy and the society of the rural education development are fully recognized and understood. Environment and conditions, and the integration of rural education system into the whole economic and social system So as to scientifically and objectively recognize the real conditions and problems of the development of rural education. To study the main problems to be solved urgently in the rural education from different sides To solve the problem, the basic theory of rural education is studied from two aspects, one is the development of the rural education and the economic and social association From the perspective of economics, the relation between the theory of human capital and the economic development, the relationship between the theory of sustainable development and coordination and the development of rural education are studied from the perspective of economics, from the perspective of sociology. To study the theory of harmonious education and the theory of human's whole development, to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the theory of rural education, and to study the basic theory of rural education. The concept of rural education is re-defined. On the basis of summarizing the previous studies, this paper holds that the rural education is the general name of the basic education, vocational education and adult education in the rural population as the object of education. The characteristics of the rural education are summarized and the basic characteristics of the rural education can be concluded. In order to solve the problems of unbalanced development of rural education, the distribution of rural school, the availability of the content of rural education, the seasonal nature of rural education, in particular the model of the rural education in Heilongjiang province, that is, the rural basis The mode of education quality education, the mode of independent development of the rural vocational education and the mode of the joint running of the rural adult education. In the study of school-running model, the characteristics of cooperation, joint, participation and open-end play an important role in running school. The development situation of rural education in Heilongjiang province is analyzed and analyzed. The order of the importance of the problem of rural education in Heilongjiang province is put forward by the method of data analysis, and the problems that need to be solved in the rural education system in Heilongjiang province are found through data analysis. The method of cluster analysis and the analytic hierarchy process are applied to the basic education in the rural education system. The rural education in 64 counties and county-level cities in Heilongjiang province is ranked according to the ranking results, and 9 of the first-level areas,18 in the second-level area,13 in the third-level area and 24 in the fourth-level area, and combined with the adjustment The comprehensive evaluation of the result of the division is carried out, and the analysis of the grading result is given from the macro to the micro. The overall framework for the development of the rural education in the whole province is put forward. The strategic division not only reveals the type of the rural basic education in the whole province, The structure, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of the macro-guidance education, and reveals the category attributes of the rural education in various places, and provides the basis for the micro-classification guidance. The results of the empirical research in Heilongjiang Province have systematically put forward the strategic measures for the development and reform of rural education, and in the transformation of the concept of education, To raise the awareness of the great significance of the rural education, to promote the reform of the countryside and to speed up the reform of the personnel system of the primary and secondary schools in the rural areas, to put forward the innovative and constructive reform and development strategy in the aspect of the reform of the personnel system The present study is based on the view of the macro and the specific situation of Heilongjiang, and the organic combination of the macro and the micro is better reflected, so that the research result has good operability. The research adopts the combination of qualitative and quantitative, macro and micro-combination, theory and reality. In view of the existing problems in the rural education in Heilongjiang province, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward in view of the problems existing in the rural education in Heilongjiang Province, and the theoretical basis for decision-making in the relevant departments is provided. In the background of building a well-off society and a harmonious society, the study is to explore the development of rural education and to promote the improvement of the level of rural education.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G527

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