美国社区学院的办学特色及对我国高职院校发展的启示

发布时间：2018-01-05 08:17

本文关键词：美国社区学院的办学特色及对我国高职院校发展的启示　出处：《中国石油大学（华东）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着高等教育大众化的发展，我国高等学校数量逐年增加，高等职业院校也取得了历史性的发展，逐步从高等教育的边缘走向中心，从规模的意义上已形成高等教育的半壁江山。但是，由于文化传统和教育观念的影响，特别是由来已久的忽视和鄙视职业教育的社会风气的制约，高职院校的发展步履维艰，出现了很多的问题。如：教学模式和管理体制不能适应经济建设和社会发展的需求；教育经费来源不足引起的办学条件相对较差；培养的学生素质不高、就业状况不理想；师资力量缺乏和“双师型”专业教师数量不足等。如何有效的解决这些问题是摆在我们面前的重大课题和紧迫任务。综观世界高职教育发展概况，美国社区学院无疑是起步较早，体系比较完善的一种模式。社区学院从创建到现在的百年时间里，凭借其独特的办学特色成为美国高等教育系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分，也是美国教育的一道亮丽的风景线。其办学特色对我国高职院校的发展无疑具有重要的借鉴意义，值得我们加以思考和分析。本论文试图在国内现有研究的基础上，围绕社区学院的办学特色，探讨其值得借鉴的经验，最终从这些经验出发，，为我国高职院校的发展提出相关的对策和建议。本论文共分四部分。第一部分总结了美国社区学院的产生及发展历程；第二部分介绍了美国社区学院的办学特色，即办学职能多样、管理体制多元、招生政策开放、办学经费来源渠道广泛、教学管理方式灵活以及师资队伍建设规范等，较为系统的总结了美国社区学院较为成功的办学经验；第三部分较为全面地介绍了我国高等职业教育的发展现状和存在的问题；第四部分结合我国高等职业教育的实际，较为系统地提出了美国社区学院的办学特色对我国高等院校办学的有益启示。主要涉及管理体制、招生和就业制度、经费投入、课程设置以及教师队伍建设等方面。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the popularization of higher education, the number of higher education in China has increased year by year, and the higher vocational colleges have also made historical development, gradually from the edge of higher education to the center. In the sense of scale, it has formed half of the higher education. However, due to the influence of cultural tradition and educational concept, especially the long-standing social constraints of ignoring and despising vocational education. The development of higher vocational colleges is very difficult and there are many problems, such as: the teaching mode and management system can not meet the needs of economic construction and social development; The condition of running a school is relatively poor because of insufficient sources of educational funds; The quality of the training students is not high, the employment situation is not ideal; The shortage of teachers and the shortage of "double qualified" professional teachers, etc. How to solve these problems effectively is an important task and urgent task in front of us. Looking at the development of higher vocational education in the world, there is no doubt that the American community college is a kind of model that started earlier and has a perfect system. With its unique characteristics of running a school, it has become an indispensable part of the American higher education system. It is also a beautiful landscape of American education, and its characteristics of running a school are undoubtedly of great significance to the development of higher vocational colleges in our country, and are worthy of our consideration and analysis. On the basis of the existing research in China, this paper attempts to discuss the experience of community colleges based on the characteristics of running a school, and finally start from these experiences. Put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions for the development of higher vocational colleges in our country. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part summarizes the emergence and development of American community colleges. The second part introduces the characteristics of American community colleges, that is, the function of running a school is diverse, the management system is diverse, the enrollment policy is open, and the sources of funding are wide. Flexible teaching management and the construction of teachers standard, more systematic summary of the more successful experience of the United States community colleges; The third part introduces the current situation and existing problems of higher vocational education in China. Combined with the reality of higher vocational education in China, the 4th part systematically puts forward the beneficial enlightenment of the running characteristics of American community colleges to the running of colleges and universities in our country, mainly involving the management system, enrollment and employment system. Investment in funds, curriculum and the construction of teachers and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学（华东）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G649.712

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