美国高校管理中的学生参与研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 12:29

本文关键词： 美国高校高校管理学生参与组织参与个人参与公共治理　出处：《东北大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：学生参与管理是美国高校管理民主化的具体表现之一。美国高校民主管理深受制度与文化因素的影响。例如美国宪法强调主权在民思想,为高等教育的权力下放提供了制度保障；实用农业技术教育的普及,能够让学生用所学知识创造价值；大学、普通学院和社区学院分别对学生有着不同的能力要求,这种三级高等教育结构可以满足不同学生的需求。这些因素都有助于学生获得更多权益。美国学生参与高校管理包括组织参与、个人参与两种形式。组织参与表现在学生代表可以参加校董事会、违纪委员会、学生会等组织。这些通过选拔产生的学生代表承担组织规定的责任和义务,他们参与学校相关管理事宜的讨论并具有表决权。个人参与管理表现在美国绝大多数学生都可以向申诉办公室申诉或参与评教活动,符合资格的高年级学生还可以在生活、学习上对低年级学生进行辅导。美国学生参与高校管理优势与问题并存。其中优势为：第一,学生参与管理具有完善且稳定的制度安排与参与路径；第二,学生参与过程信息化、公开化：第三,学生参与管理过程相对独立。这些优势有利于加深高校与学生的互动合作与信息交流,提高学生参与管理的效率和积极性。美国学生参与高校管理的问题表现为：首先,大量学生代表与学生组织的存在易导致权责不清；其次,由于学生缺乏管理知识与经验,他们的过度参与容易扰乱学校正常的管理秩序。对美国学生参与高校管理的研究有助于推进我国高校的民主改革。我国高校要从制度的层面改善民主参与环境、扩大高校的自治权力,在制定政策时要考虑其是否符合学生的实际需求。除此之外,高校应以学生为本,拓宽其参与管理的途径,加强其参与管理的信息化和独立性,从而提高高校决策的民主程度。
[Abstract]:Student participation in management is one of the concrete manifestations of the democratization of university management in the United States. Democratic management in American colleges and universities is deeply influenced by institutional and cultural factors. For example, the United States Constitution emphasizes the idea that sovereignty lies in the people. It provides institutional guarantees for decentralization of higher education; the popularization of practical agricultural technology education enables students to create value with what they have learned; universities, general colleges and community colleges have different abilities for students. This tertiary structure of higher education can meet the needs of different students. These factors help students gain more rights. There are two forms of personal participation. Organization participation is manifested in the fact that student representatives can participate in the school board of directors, the disciplinary committee, the student union, and other organizations. These student representatives who are selected through selection assume the responsibilities and obligations prescribed by the organization. They participate in and have the right to vote on matters related to school management.According to the fact that the vast majority of students in the United States can appeal to the Complaints Office or participate in teaching activities, eligible senior students can also live in the country. The advantages of American students' participation in university management are as follows: first, students' participation in management has a perfect and stable institutional arrangement and participation path; second, Students' participation in the process of information, openness: third, students' participation in the management process is relatively independent. These advantages are conducive to deepening the interactive cooperation and information exchange between universities and students. To improve the efficiency and enthusiasm of students' participation in management, the problems of American students' participation in university management are as follows: first, the existence of a large number of student representatives and student organizations can easily lead to unclear powers and responsibilities; secondly, due to the lack of management knowledge and experience of students, Their excessive participation is apt to disturb the normal management order of the school. The research on the participation of American students in the management of colleges and universities is helpful to promote the democratic reform of our country's colleges and universities. Our universities and colleges should improve the environment of democratic participation from the level of system. In order to expand the autonomous power of colleges and universities, it is necessary to consider whether they meet the actual needs of students when formulating policies. In addition, colleges and universities should take students as the basis, broaden the channels of their participation in management, and strengthen their information and independence in participating in management. So as to improve the democratic level of decision-making in colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G649.712

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