在功能学实验教学中强化动物实验伦理学教育的实践

发布时间：2018-05-12 14:27

本文选题：动物实验 + 伦理学教育　；参考：《中国病理生理杂志》2013年10期

【摘要】：动物实验是医学功能学科特别是病理生理学实验教学的主要内容,有助于医学生加深知识理解,提高操作技能和培养科学思维。在医学生开展动物实验的过程中,贯穿并强化伦理学教育是其中一项重要教学目标,也是医学生医德培养的重要途径。本室在学生初次接触动物实验时针对性开展动物实验伦理学教育,系统介绍伦理学原则、动物保护规范和实验动物对于医学进步、人类健康的贡献,尤其是我院早在1997就建立了镌刻有"魂归自然,功留人间"实验动物纪念碑,以此保持我院保护实验动物的优良传统,帮助学生树立善待生命的理念。在教学中我们积极贯彻3R原则,即减少、优化和替代的原则。减少即是在确定实验方案前提下,通过多媒体教学方法使学生熟悉操作流程,熟练使用仪器,了解实验成败的影响因素,降低实验失败几率,减少实验动物的使用量;优化即"善待活着的动物,减少死亡的痛苦",教学中我们始终灌输动物福利意识,杜绝戏弄、虐待动物的现象,要求学生熟悉实验技术,减少动物不必要的痛苦;选择安乐死,禁止采用不人道的方法对待动物。替代即用计算机虚拟实验技术代替一部分活体动物实验。上述实践为提高教学效果、解决动物实验的伦理问题提供了可行的途径。
[Abstract]:Animal experiment is the main content of medical functional subject especially pathophysiology experiment teaching which is helpful for medical students to deepen their knowledge and understanding improve their operational skills and cultivate scientific thinking. In the process of medical students carrying out animal experiments, it is one of the important teaching goals to run through and strengthen ethics education, and also an important way to cultivate medical ethics for medical students. During the first contact with the students, we will carry out the ethics education of animal experiments, systematically introduce the principles of ethics, the norms of animal protection and the contribution of experimental animals to medical progress and human health. In particular, as early as 1997, our college established a monument to experimental animals engraved with the words "return to nature and save human beings", so as to maintain the fine tradition of protecting experimental animals in our college and to help students establish the idea of being kind to life. In teaching, we actively implement the 3 R principle, that is, the principle of reduction, optimization and substitution. Reduction is to make students familiar with the operation flow, skillfully use instruments, understand the influencing factors of the success or failure of the experiment, reduce the probability of failure and reduce the usage of experimental animals through the multimedia teaching method under the premise of determining the experimental scheme. Optimization is "being kind to living animals and reducing the suffering of death." in teaching, we always instil animal welfare awareness, put an end to the phenomenon of teasing and mistreating animals, and require students to be familiar with experimental techniques to reduce the unnecessary suffering of animals; and to choose euthanasia. Inhuman treatment of animals is prohibited. Substitution is the use of computer virtual experiment technology to replace a part of live animal experiments. The above practice provides a feasible way to improve the teaching effect and solve the ethical problems of animal experiments.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学医学病理生理学教研室;
【分类号】：G642;R363-4

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