病理生理学教学病例浅析

发布时间：2018-06-19 23:34

本文选题：教学病例 + 以问题为基础　；参考：《中国病理生理杂志》2013年10期

【摘要】：如何能够让医学生将基础知识与临床问题有机融合,最终成为一名真正的医生,是医学教育面临的永恒主题。以问题为基础的学习法(problem-based learning,PBL)教学模式经过实践,逐步得到了大家的认可和青睐。病理生理学作为连接基础与临床的主干课程,教与学的过程中时刻都在强调基础与临床的衔接。因此,在教学过程中,可采取以教学病例为中心,在提出问题的基础上,学习相关基本知识和基本理论。PBL教学强调以问题为基础进行讨论和启发,病例作为问题的发源地,应该非常缜密,既能让学生提出问题,又不至于有过多的旁枝末叶干扰学生的思路。因此,原始的临床病例必须经过加工、调整之后才能应用于教学。首先应选择多发病、病种相对单一的临床病例,这样的病例大小比较适宜,如果患者集多种疾病于一身,病例超大,一方面时间不容易掌控,另一方面问题太多,学生们也不容易讨论清楚。其次,不同专业的学生学习内容深度不同,病例的大小、难易度应该与之相匹配。第三,一份合格的教学病例,可用于学生学习的不同阶段。在基础阶段时,侧重疾病的发病机制;进入临床阶段,则侧重临床诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗、预后等相关问题。
[Abstract]:How to make medical students integrate basic knowledge with clinical problems and finally become a real doctor is the eternal theme of medical education. Problem-based learning method (PBL) has been accepted and favored by all through practice. Pathophysiology, as the backbone course linking basic and clinical, emphasizes the connection of basic and clinical in the process of teaching and learning. Therefore, in the teaching process, we can take the teaching case as the center, learn the relevant basic knowledge and basic theory on the basis of raising the question. PBL teaching emphasizes the discussion and inspiration based on the problem, and the case is the origin of the problem. It should be very meticulous, allowing students to ask questions without too much twilight interfering with their thinking. Therefore, the original clinical cases must be processed and adjusted before they can be applied to teaching. First of all, we should choose the clinical cases with multiple diseases and relatively single types of diseases. Such cases are more appropriate in size. If the patients have a wide range of diseases and the cases are very large, on the one hand, it is not easy to control the time, on the other hand, there are too many problems. Students are also not easy to discuss clearly. Secondly, students of different majors study in different depth, case size, ease of study should be matched with it. Third, a qualified teaching case can be used for different stages of student learning. In the basic stage, the pathogenesis of the disease is emphasized, and in the clinical stage, the clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and other related problems are emphasized.
【作者单位】：山西医科大学基础医学院病理生理学教研室;
【分类号】：G642;R363-4

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