伦理学、经济学与高等教育——作为一种公共物品的大学

发布时间：2018-06-27 20:25

本文选题：高等教育 + 大学　；参考：《北京大学教育评论》2013年02期

【摘要】：本文探讨了大学教育的经济学与公共物品的功利主义概念。笔者认为,现代大学的发展与演变是与物品这一概念的变化相伴随的。早期的自由主义经济学理论(代表人物如穆勒)认为,一种物品能够被供给,要么是因为它作为一个整体对社区有益,要么是因为它不能或者不应该通过私人的方式供给,比如国防。正如国家和社会在规则制定与福利供给方面变得越来越复杂,物品的定义也日益复杂。政策的合理性往往是通过它有助于公共财富的积累而得到证明的,具体来讲,政策应该要么满足社会受众的某种具体利益(这种福利是需要政府提供的,如学生的受教育经费),要么增进社会作为一个整体的利益(比如受教育人口的增长)。这与现代大学的成长和进步是并行不悖且相互砥砺的。新自由主义的观点是对以上观点的一种挑战,它认为私人的投资与供给所产生的回报要远高于公共的投资与供给,而且从道义上来讲,个人与社会对于供给何种物品应该具有选择权;同时,由经济效能与个人选择所带来的混合的社会利益可以获致更多的集体公共物品。然而,这种观点没有考虑到规范的议题(如公平与社会正义)的影响。因此,本文旨在思考上述几重张力对于以下问题的影响,这些问题包括现代大学与公共物品的当代意涵之间的联系,以及大学占统治地位的经济功能能否与其在知识和文化方面的使命相协调。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the economics of university education and the concept of utilitarianism of public goods. The author thinks that the development and evolution of modern universities are accompanied by the change of the concept of goods. Early liberal economic theories (representative figures such as Muller) argued that an object could be supplied either because it was good for the community as a whole or because it could not or should not be supplied in a private way. For example, national defense. Just as the state and society are becoming more complex in terms of rulemaking and welfare provision, so is the definition of goods. The reasonableness of a policy is often demonstrated by its contribution to the accumulation of public wealth. Specifically, it should either satisfy the specific interests of the social audience (such benefits need to be provided by the Government). For example, the education of students, or promote the interests of society as a whole (such as the growth of the educated population). It goes hand in hand with the growth and progress of modern universities. The neoliberal view is a challenge to this view, which argues that private investment and supply yield far more returns than public investment and supply, and morally speaking, The individual and the society should have the right to choose what kind of goods should be supplied, at the same time, the mixed social benefits brought by the economic efficiency and the individual choice can get more collective public goods. However, this view does not take into account the impact of normative issues such as equity and social justice. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to consider the influence of the above several tensions on the following problems, including the connection between modern universities and the contemporary meaning of public goods. And whether the university's dominant economic function is compatible with its intellectual and cultural mission.
【作者单位】：诺丁汉大学教育学院;北京大学教育学院;
【分类号】：G640

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