清末书院改制研究
发布时间：2018-08-09 18:32
【摘要】：书院作为中国历史上一种特殊的教育组织形式,萌芽于唐,繁荣于宋,延续于元,全面普及于明清,前后一千余年,对中国封建社会中后期学术文化发展和人才培养等方面作出了突出贡献。清末,面对巨大的社会变革、滚滚而来的西学浪潮和书院自身的弊端丛生,当时的仁人志士和爱国官宦把抵御外侮、救亡图存的突破口寄托于教育,而作为中国封建社会中后期主要教育支柱的书院教育则首当其冲成为教育改革的对象。在此背景下,书院改学堂作为一条“兴学致速之法”走上了历史舞台。书院改制经过明末清初启蒙思想教育家的实践改革和早期资产阶级改良主义者的理论探索,在戊戌变法时期作为谕令风行全国,掀起了书院改制的第一次高潮。但在政治对教育拥有绝对权力的时代,政治变革必然引起教育变革。书院改制旋因戊戌政变而被扼杀在襁褓中,一切“照旧办理”。但历史发展潮流是不可阻挡的,面对日益激烈的民族矛盾和阶级矛盾,清政府被迫实施“新政”。书院改制又重新以最高谕令的形式确定下来,书院改制浪潮再次席卷全国。它顺应了当时社会变革和发展的要求,推动了中国近代新式学堂的大发展,为中国近代教育发展奠定了基础,并在实践上促进了中国教育近代化和普及化进程。与此同时,在这次全国性教育变革中也暴露出了诸多弊端和不足,如忽视教育自身发展规律、教育行政化和功利性色彩浓厚、古今中外新旧教育关系处理不当等,对我国当代教育制度改革仍有一定的启示借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:As a special form of educational organization in Chinese history, Academy originated in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, continued in the Yuan Dynasty, and was popularized throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties for more than a thousand years. It has made outstanding contributions to the development of academic culture and the cultivation of talents in the middle and late period of Chinese feudal society. In the late Qing Dynasty, in the face of great social changes, the tide of Western learning and the drawbacks of the academy itself were numerous. At that time, people with lofty ideals and patriotic officials placed their breakthrough in education in order to resist foreign aggression and save the nation from death. College education, as the main education pillar of Chinese feudal society in the middle and later period, was the first to be the object of education reform. Under this background, as a "quickening method of promoting learning", the academy reform has entered the stage of history. Through the practical reform of the enlightening ideological educators in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the theoretical exploration of the early bourgeois reformists, the reform of the Academy became popular throughout the country during the Reform Movement of 1898, which set off the first climax of the reform of the Academy. However, in the era when politics has absolute power over education, political change will inevitably lead to educational reform. College reform as a result of the Wuxu coup was strangled in swaddling clothes, all "business as usual." However, the trend of historical development is irresistible. In the face of increasingly fierce national and class contradictions, the Qing government was forced to implement the New deal. The reform of the academy was confirmed by the supreme oracle again, and the tide of college reform swept the whole country again. It complied with the demands of social change and development at that time, promoted the great development of modern Chinese modern schools of learning, laid the foundation for the development of modern education in China, and promoted the modernization and popularization of education in China in practice. At the same time, in this national educational reform, many disadvantages and shortcomings have been exposed, such as neglecting the law of development of education itself, strong administrative and utilitarian characteristics of education, improper handling of the relationship between old and new education, and so on. It still has certain enlightenment significance to our country's contemporary education system reform.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G649.299
本文编号：2174938
[Abstract]:As a special form of educational organization in Chinese history, Academy originated in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, continued in the Yuan Dynasty, and was popularized throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties for more than a thousand years. It has made outstanding contributions to the development of academic culture and the cultivation of talents in the middle and late period of Chinese feudal society. In the late Qing Dynasty, in the face of great social changes, the tide of Western learning and the drawbacks of the academy itself were numerous. At that time, people with lofty ideals and patriotic officials placed their breakthrough in education in order to resist foreign aggression and save the nation from death. College education, as the main education pillar of Chinese feudal society in the middle and later period, was the first to be the object of education reform. Under this background, as a "quickening method of promoting learning", the academy reform has entered the stage of history. Through the practical reform of the enlightening ideological educators in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the theoretical exploration of the early bourgeois reformists, the reform of the Academy became popular throughout the country during the Reform Movement of 1898, which set off the first climax of the reform of the Academy. However, in the era when politics has absolute power over education, political change will inevitably lead to educational reform. College reform as a result of the Wuxu coup was strangled in swaddling clothes, all "business as usual." However, the trend of historical development is irresistible. In the face of increasingly fierce national and class contradictions, the Qing government was forced to implement the New deal. The reform of the academy was confirmed by the supreme oracle again, and the tide of college reform swept the whole country again. It complied with the demands of social change and development at that time, promoted the great development of modern Chinese modern schools of learning, laid the foundation for the development of modern education in China, and promoted the modernization and popularization of education in China in practice. At the same time, in this national educational reform, many disadvantages and shortcomings have been exposed, such as neglecting the law of development of education itself, strong administrative and utilitarian characteristics of education, improper handling of the relationship between old and new education, and so on. It still has certain enlightenment significance to our country's contemporary education system reform.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G649.299
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 刘少雪;;书院改制对中国高等教育近现代化的影响[J];大学教育科学;2012年02期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 曾带丽;张之洞与晚清书院的改革及改制[D];湖南大学;2006年
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