批判性思维与创新型人才培养研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 18:06

【摘要】：随着知识经济时代的到来，人才尤其是创新型人才已逐渐成为衡量一个国家综合实力和发展水平的重要指标。但是，和众发达国家相比，我国目前的创新型人才总体发展情况还有很大的距离，尤其是创新型人才身上所体现出来的独立性、自主性和个性化的特征不明显。如何才能培养出符合社会发展需要的创新型人才，使我国在国际竞争中脱颖而出便成了一道亟需解决的重要难题。从上世纪六七十年代开始，以美国为代表，在加拿大、澳大利亚等西方发达国家兴起了一场对批判性思维及其能力培养的研究热潮，，并将批判性思维列入到各级教育尤其是高等教育的培养目标中来。批判性思维是一种教人们如何进行有效思考和解决问题的高级思维模式，它促使人们用怀疑的态度去看待问题，从而真正发现问题。它是创新型人才进行创新的敲门砖，是创新型人才创新的首要思维范式，对批判性思维的培养在很大程度上有助于创新能力的提高。因此，培养大学生的批判性思维应该成为我国创新型人才教育中的一个重要组成部分。鉴于此，本文以面向创新型人才的批判性思维培养为研究对象，立足于我国创新型人才，以批判性思维的培养为导向和目标，深入分析批判性思维和创新思维之间的密切联系，进而得出批判性思维对创新型人才的不可或缺性。文中对我国大学生批判性思维的发展水平开展了实证调查，并对美国的批判性思维发展进行深入了解。文章最后从我国的批判性思维发展情况出发，结合美国值得我们学习和借鉴的发展经验，试图从培养目标、教学模式、师资力量和校园文化环境这四个方面为我国的批判性思维培养工作提出建设性建议。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the era of knowledge economy, talents, especially innovative talents, have gradually become an important index to measure the comprehensive strength and development level of a country. However, compared with the developed countries, there is still a long way to go in the overall development of innovative talents in our country, especially the independent, independent and individualized characteristics of innovative talents. How to cultivate innovative talents that meet the needs of social development and make our country stand out in international competition has become an important problem that needs to be solved. Since the 1960s and 1970s, with the United States as the representative, in Canada, Australia and other western developed countries, there has been a research boom on critical thinking and its ability development. And the critical thinking in all levels of education, especially in the higher education objectives. Critical thinking is a high-level mode of thinking that teaches people how to think and solve problems effectively, and it urges people to look at problems with a skeptical attitude and find problems. It is the key to innovation of innovative talents and the primary thinking paradigm of innovative talents. To a great extent, the cultivation of critical thinking helps to improve the ability of innovation. Therefore, the cultivation of critical thinking of college students should become an important part of innovative talent education in China. In view of this, this paper takes the cultivation of critical thinking for innovative talents as the research object, based on the innovative talents in our country, taking the cultivation of critical thinking as the direction and goal, and deeply analyzes the close relationship between critical thinking and innovative thinking. Furthermore, the author draws the conclusion that critical thinking is indispensable to creative talents. This paper makes an empirical investigation on the development level of critical thinking of college students in China and makes a deep understanding of the development of critical thinking in the United States. Finally, starting from the development of critical thinking in our country and combining the development experience of the United States that we should learn and learn from, we try to cultivate the goal and the teaching mode. The four aspects of teacher strength and campus culture environment provide constructive suggestions for the cultivation of critical thinking in our country.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G642

【参考文献】