我国大学生学习动机的功利化倾向研究
发布时间：2018-11-27 09:23
【摘要】：学习动机是推动学生进行学习活动的内在动因，是激励、指引、维持、调节学生学习的强大动力。学习动机的功利化倾向作为一种现象在国内外都有很长的演变发展过程，国外主要受功利主义的影响，对于儒家思想的片面理解及科举制的畸形发展是我国古代受教育者功利化学习动机促成因素。学习动机的功利化倾向具有其特殊特点如：学习意义的近景性、动机回报的功利性、学习目的的近景性以及动机作用的短期性等。 本文通过调查问卷法来说明我国当代大学生学习动机已经具有明显的功利化倾向，并在此基础上从教育学视角、心理学视角和社会学视角分别列举其所带来的社会问题。大学生学习动机的功利化倾向具有双重作用。这种现象有其存在的现实原因：系统论为其提供了理论基础，人本主义的极端化发展对其有重要影响，社会贫富差距扩大，市场经济的畸形发展也为其提供了生存环境，而政府对于教育的资金投入不足，没有合理的政策导向，错误的家庭教育观念以及僵化的学校教育都令这种现象越演越烈。 本文也提出了相对应的矫正策略：第一，积极发挥政府的政策导向作用。第二，开发社会的辅助作用，包括加大对教育的经济支持，形成健康的舆论导向和良好的文化氛围。第三，提高学校的主渠道作用，包括，重视校园文化建设，建构合理的教学机制，建构多元的教育评估体系，优化教职工队伍，制定多维的奖惩体系等。第四，重视家庭教育在学生成长中的作用，包括改正父母教育观念，提倡民主教养方式。同时要发挥大学生的主观能动性。从大学生内在出发，制定科学合理的教育目标，对大学生进行必要的理想教育和精神教育，注重大学生元认知的培养，，提高其自我监控的能力并帮助大学生树立科学与理想完美结合的人生目标。
[Abstract]:Learning motivation is the internal motivation to promote students' learning activities, and it is a powerful motive force to motivate, guide, maintain and regulate students' learning. As a phenomenon, the utilitarian tendency of learning motivation has a long process of evolution and development both at home and abroad, and it is mainly influenced by utilitarianism in foreign countries. The one-sided understanding of Confucianism and the abnormal development of imperial examination system contributed to the utilitarian learning motivation of the educatees in ancient China. The utilitarian tendency of learning motivation has its special characteristics such as closeness of learning meaning, utilitarianism of reward of motivation, closeness of learning purpose and short-term effect of motivation, etc. This paper explains that the college students' learning motivation in our country has obvious utilitarian tendency by means of questionnaire, and lists the social problems brought by it from the perspective of pedagogy, psychology and sociology respectively. The utilitarian tendency of college students' learning motivation plays a dual role. This phenomenon has its practical reasons: the system theory provides it with a theoretical foundation, the extreme development of humanism has an important impact on it, the gap between the rich and the poor in society expands, and the malformed development of the market economy also provides it with a living environment. The lack of government investment in education, the lack of reasonable policy guidance, the wrong concept of family education and rigid school education all make this phenomenon more and more intense. This paper also puts forward the corresponding corrective strategies: first, give full play to the role of government policy guidance. Second, the auxiliary role of developing society, including increasing the economic support to education, forming a healthy public opinion guidance and a good cultural atmosphere. Third, improve the main role of the school, including, attach importance to the construction of campus culture, the construction of a reasonable teaching mechanism, the construction of a pluralistic education evaluation system, optimize the teaching staff, formulate a multi-dimensional system of rewards and punishments, and so on. Fourth, pay attention to the role of family education in the growth of students, including correcting the concept of parental education and promoting democratic upbringing. At the same time, we should give play to the subjective initiative of college students. From the inside of college students, we should formulate scientific and reasonable educational goals, carry out necessary ideal education and spiritual education for college students, and pay attention to the cultivation of college students' metacognition. Improve their self-monitoring ability and help college students to establish a perfect combination of science and ideals of life goals.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G642.0
本文编号：2360207
[Abstract]:Learning motivation is the internal motivation to promote students' learning activities, and it is a powerful motive force to motivate, guide, maintain and regulate students' learning. As a phenomenon, the utilitarian tendency of learning motivation has a long process of evolution and development both at home and abroad, and it is mainly influenced by utilitarianism in foreign countries. The one-sided understanding of Confucianism and the abnormal development of imperial examination system contributed to the utilitarian learning motivation of the educatees in ancient China. The utilitarian tendency of learning motivation has its special characteristics such as closeness of learning meaning, utilitarianism of reward of motivation, closeness of learning purpose and short-term effect of motivation, etc. This paper explains that the college students' learning motivation in our country has obvious utilitarian tendency by means of questionnaire, and lists the social problems brought by it from the perspective of pedagogy, psychology and sociology respectively. The utilitarian tendency of college students' learning motivation plays a dual role. This phenomenon has its practical reasons: the system theory provides it with a theoretical foundation, the extreme development of humanism has an important impact on it, the gap between the rich and the poor in society expands, and the malformed development of the market economy also provides it with a living environment. The lack of government investment in education, the lack of reasonable policy guidance, the wrong concept of family education and rigid school education all make this phenomenon more and more intense. This paper also puts forward the corresponding corrective strategies: first, give full play to the role of government policy guidance. Second, the auxiliary role of developing society, including increasing the economic support to education, forming a healthy public opinion guidance and a good cultural atmosphere. Third, improve the main role of the school, including, attach importance to the construction of campus culture, the construction of a reasonable teaching mechanism, the construction of a pluralistic education evaluation system, optimize the teaching staff, formulate a multi-dimensional system of rewards and punishments, and so on. Fourth, pay attention to the role of family education in the growth of students, including correcting the concept of parental education and promoting democratic upbringing. At the same time, we should give play to the subjective initiative of college students. From the inside of college students, we should formulate scientific and reasonable educational goals, carry out necessary ideal education and spiritual education for college students, and pay attention to the cultivation of college students' metacognition. Improve their self-monitoring ability and help college students to establish a perfect combination of science and ideals of life goals.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G642.0
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