人力资本与社会资本对我国新生代大学生就业质量的影响机制研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 06:27

【摘要】：随着我国市场经济的不断深化改革，我国就业体制也逐步由“国家分配”向“双向选择、自主择业”的方向转变；并且自1999年以来，全国各大高校开始实施扩招政策，这进一步导致了我国大学毕业生数量的日益增多，，劳动力市场逐步由买方市场向卖方市场转变；加之2008年由美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融海啸，使得大学生的就业问题变得越发严峻。而与此同时，“就业质量”概念的提出，引起了全社会的普遍关注。其中，有关大学生就业质量问题的研究也非常丰富。笔者基于以往的研究成果，通过对国内外相关文献资料进行梳理与总结，并结合我国的具体国情，试图从社会资本与人力资本的双重视角出发，分析二者对我国新生代大学生就业质量的影响机制。具体来说，在人力资本的研究方面，舒尔茨与贝克尔等人将受教育程度与工作经验视为构成个体人力资本的重要组织因素。本文鉴于大学生群体的特殊性，将大学生的人力资本划分为受教育程度与实践经验两方面，并采用国际上已经广泛使用的成熟量表对我国大学生的人力资本进行测量；此外，本文采用社会资本即社会网络的观点，将“社会资本”划分为先赋性社会资本与自致性社会资本，并分别采用家庭社会经济地位（SES）量表与社会网络模型量表对我国新生代大学生的先赋性社会资本与自致性社会资本进行测量；在大学生就业质量的描述方面，通过构建就业质量指标体系的方式对我国新生代大学生的就业质量进行概念界定与测量。最后，通过对收集的数据进行描述性统计分析、差异性分析、多元回归分析等统计方法，对我国大学生的人力资本、社会资本、就业质量三者间的关系进行考察，从而得出研究结论。并在研究结论的基础上，分别从大学生个体、高校、政府三个层面提出提升我国大学生就业质量的对策与建议。
[Abstract]:With the deepening reform of our market economy, the employment system of our country has gradually changed from "national distribution" to "two-way choice and independent choice of employment". Since 1999, colleges and universities in China began to implement the policy of enrollment expansion, which further led to the increasing number of college graduates in China, the labor market gradually changed from the buyer's market to the seller's market. Combined with the global financial tsunami triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the employment problem of college students becomes more and more serious. At the same time, the concept of "employment quality" has aroused widespread concern in the whole society. Among them, the research on the quality of employment of college students is also very rich. Based on the previous research results, through combing and summing up the relevant literature at home and abroad, and combining the specific conditions of our country, the author tries to proceed from the dual perspective of social capital and human capital. This paper analyzes the mechanism of their influence on the employment quality of the new generation of college students in China. Specifically, in the research of human capital, Schultz and Becker regard education level and work experience as important organizational factors of individual human capital. In view of the particularity of college students, this paper divides the human capital of college students into two aspects: education level and practical experience, and measures the human capital of Chinese college students by using the mature scale which has been widely used in the world. In addition, in this paper, social capital is divided into preexisting social capital and self-induced social capital by adopting the viewpoint of social capital as social network. (SES) and social network model were used to measure the preexisting social capital and self-induced social capital of the new generation of college students in China. In terms of the description of college students' employment quality, this paper defines and measures the employment quality of the new generation of college students by constructing the employment quality index system. Finally, through descriptive statistical analysis, difference analysis, multiple regression analysis and other statistical methods, the relationship among human capital, social capital and employment quality of college students in China is investigated. Thus, the conclusion of the study is drawn. On the basis of the conclusion of the research, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the employment quality of college students from three levels: individual, university and government.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G647.38;F224;F249.21

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