我国研究型大学科技成果转化多主体协同机制研究

发布时间：2019-05-08 03:13

【摘要】：近年来,随着科教兴国和人才强国战略的深入推进,我国高校特别是研究型大学的科技创新能力快速提升,科技成果产出量大幅度增加。然而,与高校科技创新能力快速发展形成巨大反差的是,大量的技术成果被束之高阁,高校科技成果转化能力较显不足。高校,特别是研究型大学科技成果转化,是指大学将其生产出的以知识形态为主要特征的科技成果经过应用开发、中试之后向企业扩散的过程。研究型大学科技成果转化涉及大学、企业、政府和中介机构等多方主体。其中,大学是科技成果的生产和供给者；企业是科技成果的需求和接纳者,是成果转化为现实生产力的落脚点；政府部门,作为科技成果转化的主导者,通过制定相应的法规、政策、科技推广计划,设置相应的转化机构来推动科技成果的转化；中介机构,是产学研合作转化科技成果的桥梁和纽带,对高校科技成果转化具有催化作用。针对当前我国研究型大学科技成果转化进展缓慢的问题,本文选取国内部分研究型大学,对其科研人员、科研管理人员和技术转移中心人员进行访谈,发现目前研究型大学科技成果转化主体存在的问题主要表现在：高校方面,科技成果转化观念薄弱、市场意识不强、技术成熟度不高导致有效科技成果供给不足,资金不足、科研评价机制和利益分配机制的不完善,使得科研人员成果转化的积极性不高,高校成果转化困难重重；企业方面,技术创新内驱力不强,吸纳科技成果能力薄弱且企业科研经费不足使得企业在产学研合作时积极性不高；政府方面,科技经费投入结构不合理,现有法规和政策存在不足,且执行不力,没有充分发挥其主导作用。中介机构方面,发展尚不成熟、中介服务能力主要集中在咨询等低端服务,风险投资等高端服务能力不足。促进科技成果转化为现实生产力,推动经济发展是我国政府、科技界和产业界共同关注的问题。针对此问题,本文探索构建科技成果转化多主体协同机制,以协同思想为基础阐述了科技成果转化多主体协同机制的思想框架,包括形成机制、实现机制以及约束机制,并在此基础上探索构建研究型大学科技成果转化多主体协同机制模型,主要内容包括促进协同的政策调控机制、多渠道投资机制、利益分配激励机制、资源信息共享机制和综合保障机制。文章最后提出多主体协同促进科技成果转化的具体建议,如完善主体协同的政策法规体系、多元投入和风险监管体系、评价与考核体系等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the in-depth promotion of the strategy of rejuvenating the country by science and education and strengthening the country by talents, the scientific and technological innovation ability of Chinese universities, especially research universities, has been rapidly promoted, and the output of scientific and technological achievements has been greatly increased. However, in contrast to the rapid development of scientific and technological innovation ability in colleges and universities, a large number of technological achievements have been shelved, and the transformation ability of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is obviously inadequate. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, especially in research-oriented universities, refers to the process in which scientific and technological achievements produced by universities with the main characteristics of knowledge form are applied and developed, and then spread to enterprises after pilot-scale tests. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in research-oriented universities involves many subjects such as universities, enterprises, governments and intermediary agencies. Among them, the university is the production and the supplier of the scientific and technological achievement, the enterprise is the demand and the acceptor of the scientific and technological achievement, is the foothold that the achievement transforms into the realistic productive force; Government departments, as leaders in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements through the formulation of relevant laws and regulations, policies, scientific and technological promotion plans, and the setting up of corresponding transformation institutions; The intermediary organization is the bridge and link between industry-university-research cooperation and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and it has catalytic effect on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities. In view of the slow progress in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of research universities in China, this paper selects some research universities in China and interviews their scientific research personnel, scientific research managers and technology transfer center personnel. It is found that the main problems existing in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in research universities are as follows: in colleges and universities, the concept of transformation of scientific and technological achievements is weak, the market consciousness is not strong, and the maturity of technology is not high, which leads to insufficient supply of effective scientific and technological achievements and insufficient funds. The imperfection of the evaluation mechanism of scientific research and the mechanism of distribution of benefits make the enthusiasm of the transformation of the achievements of the scientific researchers not high, and the transformation of the achievements of colleges and universities is difficult. In the aspect of enterprises, the internal driving force of technological innovation is not strong, the ability of absorbing scientific and technological achievements is weak and the scientific research funds of enterprises are insufficient, so the enthusiasm of enterprises in the cooperation of industry, university and research is not high. In the aspect of government, the structure of investment in science and technology funds is unreasonable, the existing laws and policies are insufficient, and the enforcement is weak, and the leading role is not brought into full play. In the aspect of intermediary organization, the development is not mature, the ability of intermediary service is mainly concentrated in the low-end service such as consulting, and the ability of high-end service such as venture capital is insufficient. Promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into realistic productive forces and promoting economic development is a common concern of our government, scientific and technological circles and industry. In order to solve this problem, this paper explores the construction of multi-agent cooperative mechanism of transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and expounds the ideological framework of multi-agent cooperative mechanism of transformation of scientific and technological achievements based on the idea of synergy, including the formation mechanism, the realization mechanism and the restraint mechanism. On this basis, we explore the model of multi-agent coordination mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in research universities. The main contents include policy regulation mechanism to promote synergy, multi-channel investment mechanism, benefit distribution incentive mechanism, and so on. Resource information sharing mechanism and comprehensive guarantee mechanism. Finally, the paper puts forward the concrete suggestions of multi-agent cooperation to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, such as perfecting the policy and regulation system of subject coordination, multi-input and risk supervision system, evaluation and assessment system, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G644

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