1952年院系调整再解读

发布时间：2019-06-28 09:07

【摘要】：今天,学术界对发生于1952年的院系调整的评价存在很大分歧。肯定者鉴于它在短时间内培养了大量专业人才,为国家的科技和经济发展做出了明显贡献,遂认为它是基本成功的;否定者则以其中断了中国官学与私学并行的古老大学传统,并走向了狭隘的专业化道路,认为从长远来看它是得不偿失的。这种分歧,从学术立场来看,反映的是中国学术场域中社会科学家和人文学者的分野。应该看到,大学既是知识生产、专业人才培养基地,又是一个文化传承和创造实体,因而应兼顾短期效果与长远效应。但这只是我们的后见之明。60年前的那场改革,面临的历史情势是:民生凋敝、百废待兴,中西方冲突十分剧烈,新生的共和国面临生死考验。在这种历史情势下,看重短期效果也有其不得不然的历史逻辑。如今我们研究那段历史,不能简单地用现在否定过去,而应在今昔对照中准确把握我们的发展方向。中国的高等教育发展到今天,其改革已能够也应该在科技与人文、短期效果与长远效应的平衡中从容前行。
[Abstract]:Today, there are great differences in the evaluation of the adjustment of colleges and departments in 1952. In view of the fact that it has trained a large number of professionals in a short period of time and made obvious contributions to the development of science, technology and economy of the country, it is considered that it is basically successful, while the negative holds that it has interrupted the ancient university tradition of parallel Chinese official and private studies, and has gone to a narrow road of specialization, believing that it is not worth the loss in the long run. From an academic point of view, this difference reflects the distinction between social scientists and humanistic scholars in the Chinese academic field. It should be noted that the university is not only a base of knowledge production and professional personnel training, but also a cultural inheritance and creation entity, so we should take into account both short-term and long-term effects. But this is only our hindsight. The reform 60 years ago was faced with a historical situation of desolation, waste, fierce conflict between China and the West, and a new republic facing the test of life and death. In this historical situation, it is necessary to attach importance to short-term effects. Now that we study that period of history, we should not simply negate the past with the present, but should accurately grasp our development direction in the present and the past. With the development of higher education in China, its reform has been and should move forward in the balance between science and technology and humanities, short-term effect and long-term effect.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学教育学部;
【分类号】：G649.29;K27

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