印度高等教育质量对其国家竞争力的影响

发布时间：2018-01-13 06:36

本文关键词：印度高等教育质量对其国家竞争力的影响　出处：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,“国家竞争力评价体系”成为国际权威机构评估各国综合国力的关键标尺。因而,每年的世界经济论坛的《全球竞争力报告》、瑞士洛桑国际管理开发学院的《世界竞争力年鉴》就引起世界各国的普遍关注,有的国家甚至将其作为自己国家进一步发展的方向与指南。进入新世纪的第一个十年,印度已经成为“金砖国家”里经济增长态势仅次于中国的经济体。这一辉煌业绩的取得是与印度高等教育体系所培养的高级人力资本紧密相关的；并且他们的质量是为世人所称道的。近十年来的“国家竞争力评价”文献显示,中国的国家竞争力虽领跑于“金砖国家”之首,然而就某些分指标(如数学与科学教育的质量、管理学院的教育质量、争业研究与培训服务的地方可利用性等)的排名来说,中国远不及印度。并且许多分指标中国领先于印度,而综合指标却落后于印度。研究印度在各项指标里的做法、经验与教训可对我国高等教育改革的开展有所启示。本文以印度为研究对象,进行比较研究的主要对象是我国,通过运用“国家竞争力评价体系”中所列的相关指标,来观察印度高等教育质量对其国家竞争力的影响,并进行较为全而与深入地解读、评析与研究。全文除绪论外,共五个部分：第一部分是国家竞争力评价体系的产生及其内容,通过观察“金砖国家”的“教育”支柱和“创新”支柱在最近4年的排名情况,来说明包括印度在内的这5个国家的发展阶段。第二部分是印度高等教育质量在提升本国国家竞争力中的体现,重点采用“世界经济论坛”给出的“国家竞争力评价体系”中的人力资本(尤其是高级人力资本)的8个分指标,对印度高等教育体系进行逐项分析和详细说明。然后从国际语言的沟通、信息技术、理工教育、生物技术、医药制造、核武和空间技术等领域来论述印度高等教育的质量对其国家竞争力的影响。第三部分是印度高等教育质量影响其国家竞争力的经验与教训。根据各个分指标的排名与得分情况,提出良性分指标和劣性分指标的划分标准,并依此对8个分指标进行归类,再从“高等教育与培训”、“创新”两个指标层次进行归类,总结印度高等教育质量对其国家竞争力的经验与教训。第四部分是印度发展高等教育对我国的启示。首先观察我国的“高等教育与培训”的8个分指标在最近4年的排名情况,再结合前面部分对印度相关分指标排名情况的描述,进行纵向比较和横向比较,简要说明国际背景下我国高级人力资本的培养现状。然后对比印度发展高等教育的历程,提出对我国开展高等教育改革具有较强针对性的启示。最后,本文研究得出的主要结论是：(1)“GCR”对教育的关注点分为“健康与初等教育”、“高等教育与培训”和“创新”三个支柱,具有很深的用意。(2)中国和印度整体竞争力的优势和劣势,说明两国经济发展阶段不一致。(3)4年来,我国的“高等教育与培训”的排名情况优胜于印度,但有些分指标的排名与印度相比还有很大差距。(4)印度的高等教育良性分指标的经验值得我国学习。(5)印度在国民经济、信息技术、生物技术和核技术等领域取得辉煌成就,充分证明印度高等教育培养的专业人才具有卓越的科研能力,对本国国家竞争力的持续提升发挥着一种独特而深远的推动作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the "evaluation system" of national competitiveness has become a key scale comprehensive national strength assessment of international authorities. Therefore, the annual World Economic Forum's global competitiveness report < > >, the World Competitiveness Yearbook the Lausanne International Institute for management and development "has caused widespread concern all over the world, and some countries even as their own country further the development direction and guidance.
In the first ten years of new century, India has become the "BRIC countries" economic growth after the economy China. This brilliant performance is closely related with advanced human capital cultivation of India higher education system; and their quality is praised in the past ten years. "National competitiveness evaluation" literature shows that although the national competitiveness Chinese leader in the "BRIC countries" for the first time, however, some indicators (such as the quality of mathematics and science education of the school of management and the quality of education, research and training service industry for local availability) ranking, China far less than India. And many indicators China ahead of India, while the comprehensive index has lagged behind India. India in the indicators in practice, experience and lessons can provide some enlightenment for the development of higher education reform in our country.
This paper takes India as the research object, the main object of comparative research in China, by using relevant indicators listed in the national competitiveness evaluation system ", to observe the influence of quality of higher education in India on the national competitiveness, and more comprehensive and in-depth interpretation, analysis and research.
In addition to the introduction, the full text consists of five parts:
The first part is the emergence and content of the national competitiveness evaluation system. By observing the ranking of the BRICs' education pillar and innovation pillar in the recent 4 years, we can explain the development stages of the 5 countries, including India.
The second part is the quality of higher education in India to enhance national competitiveness reflects the focus of the "World Economic Forum" is the "national competitiveness evaluation system" of human capital (especially senior human capital) of the 8 sub indicators, analysis and detailed description of the India higher education system. Then from the international language communication, information technology, manufacturing pharmaceutical education of science and engineering, biotechnology, nuclear weapons and space technology field, to discuss the influence the quality of higher education in India on the national competitiveness.
The third part is the experience and lessons of India higher education quality affects the national competitiveness. According to various index rankings and scores, the criteria for the classification of benign sub indicators and inferior indexes, and then classify the 8 sub indexes, and then from the "higher education and training" and "innovation" two index levels are classified, summarized the experience and lessons of the quality of national competitiveness of higher education in India.
The fourth part is the development of India higher education and Its Enlightenment to China. The first observation of China's higher education and training "in the index of 8 points in the last 4 years of ranking, combined with the front part of the description of the India related index ranking, through vertical and horizontal comparison, a brief description of current situation of advanced human culture under the background of international capital in China. Then compare the India history of the development of higher education, put forward a strong pertinence enlightenment for our country to carry out the reform of higher education.
Finally, the main conclusions of this study are: (1) "GCR" focus on education are divided into "health and primary education, higher education and training" and "innovation" three pillars, with very deep intention. (2) Chinese India and the overall competitiveness of the advantages and disadvantages of that the two stages of development of economic is not consistent. (3) over the past 4 years, China's higher education and training "in the ranking is better than India, but some index ranking compared with India (4). There is a big gap between India's higher education benign index experience is worth our study. (5) India in the national economy, information technology, biotechnology and nuclear technology achievements, fully proved that the India higher education to cultivate professional talents with excellent ability of scientific research, continuous improvement of national competitiveness plays a unique and profound role.

【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.351

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