从“被中产”到“被消失的中产”：G市高校教师群体的住宅福利与阶层认同

发布时间：2018-01-13 19:10

本文关键词：从“被中产”到“被消失的中产”：G市高校教师群体的住宅福利与阶层认同　出处：《华东理工大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：居住是贯穿人生一辈子福利的基础。在北欧有这样的说法：福利从住宅开始,以住宅结束。没有良好的住宅福利,其他福利也就无从谈起。住宅福利已然重要,但中国城市中产阶级住宅福利的提升之路却一如“中产阶级”这一哲学存在,充满了不确定性和诸多的争议。虽然国家和政府以“住有所居”为政策目标构想,通过各种具体住宅社会政策的实施,借助住宅商品化改革进程的推进,提升了整个国民的住宅福利水平。但是,从当前住宅政策的受惠群体来看,“夹心层”的存在也是不争的社会事实。当高收入群体可以从商品化住宅政策中获益,低收入群体可以获得保障性住房等政策性扶持时,中产阶级则游离于政策体系之外。 “一套房子消灭一个中产阶级”已经不再是简单的媒体命题,“中产的消逝”与“M型社会的来临”也不再是社会预言家的危言耸听。为何中国的城市中产阶级莫名奇妙地成了“夹心层”?在突然“被中产”到一夜之间成为“被消失的中产”过程中是否存在着与住宅福利相连的某种玄机?本研究始于这一连串的质疑,旨在发现中产阶级住宅福利与阶层认同之间的逻辑关联,在解决这些疑问的过程中探索提升中产阶级住宅福利和阶层认同的可行之路。对于中产阶级概念的选取和界定是开展研究的第一步,这也成为了论文立意的基点,不是从单一的收入等级,而是从社会分层的角度去探讨住宅福利的分化状态,从而择取更能表征“社会中间层”复合内涵的“中产阶级”为研究对象,在具体的实证中,以G市高校教师群体为分析单位,用质性研究的方法探索其住宅福利与阶层认同之间的逻辑关联。选用“住宅”而非“住房”来匹配“福利”一词则更多地体现了笔者对于福利内涵所指向的普遍福利的美好愿景,将住宅福利置于比“住房保障”一词更广阔的政策空间之中,这也更切合中产阶级当前的现实居住状态。整个研究的逻辑过程如下：选取社会结构中的特定阶层,了解其“被中产”获得阶层身份的过程,关注其住宅福利困境,陈述住宅福利困境引发阶层危机的风险,然后着力于困境的解决和危机的消解之路。遵循着这样的研究逻辑,论文在厘清概念之后,从住宅福利所体现的阶层分化思路上去思考中产阶级住宅福利的本质特征,探索住宅福利与阶层认同之间可能存在的理论关联,形成理论假定和分析框架,并在理论框架的构建过程中完成研究设计。研究设计具有明显的实证特色,每一个步骤都指向特定理论假设的校验。在实证过程中：分析中产阶级住宅福利现状与住宅福利满意度的数据；解读中产阶级个体行动者与住宅福利之间的建构关系；探讨通过职业中产阶级住宅福利的本质特征；考察住宅社会政策对于中产阶级住宅福利的影响；形成中产阶级住宅福利满意度提升的回归模型；展望中产阶级住宅福利提升的可能途径。在此过程中也说明了中产阶级住宅福利提升的隐忧,对于住宅福利的代际传递现象进行了相应的探析。中产阶级的住宅福利在本质上是一种高基点的职业福利。中产阶级住宅福利满意程度会影响中产阶级的职业认同。良好的住宅福利是促进中产阶级职业稳定发展的前提。没有住宅福利的提升,中产阶级的阶层认同会受到冲击,其阶层结构在城市发展中的地位会因住宅福利而下滑,阶层的危机将因住宅福利的现实困境而蔓延。整个研究的贡献在于从社会分层的角度去考察住宅福利,通过实证了解中产阶级的住宅福利现状,验证形成论文逻辑链条的理论假设,最终形成可供参考的中产阶级住宅福利提升路径模型。只有通过将个体置身于群体/阶层之中,才能从理论的角度建构出中产阶级的住宅福利特征。只有从阶层的角度探讨住宅福利与职业/阶层认同的关系,才会发现特定阶层的住宅福利本质及其与职业的重要关联。同样,也只有在宏观社会经济发展背景中去寻找中产阶级住宅福利提升的政策路径,才能体现政策体系的空间与张力。
[Abstract]:Living is the foundation of life throughout a lifetime in the Nordic welfare. There is such a saying: welfare from residential, residential to the end. No good housing benefits, other benefits will be lost. Residential welfare already important, but China city middle class residential welfare promotion road as the "middle class" this philosophy there is full of uncertainty and many disputes.
Although the state and the government in the "housing" policy goal, through the implementation of specific social housing policy, with the process of commercialization reform to promote housing, and enhance the national residential welfare level. However, from the current housing policy will benefit, "sandwich" is an indisputable social existence the fact. When high income groups can benefit from the commercialization of housing policy, low-income groups can obtain affordable housing policy support, the middle class is free from the policy system.
"A house to destroy a middle class" is no longer a simple media proposition, "the middle dies" and "M type society" is no longer a social prophet alarmist. Why Chinese city middle class inexplicably became the "sandwich layer" in the "middle class"? Suddenly to the night become "the existence of middle process was the disappearance of a mystery is connected with the housing welfare? This research begins with this series of questions, to find the logical relationship between the middle class residential welfare and class identity, in addressing these questions in the process of exploring enhance the middle-class residential welfare and class identity feasible way.
The middle class concept selection and definition is the first step to carry out research, which has become the basis of this paper, not only from the income level, but from the perspective of social stratification to explore residential welfare state of differentiation, thus selecting better characterization "social middle layer composite connotation of the" middle class "for the study the object in the real, to university teachers in G city as the unit of analysis, explore the logic relation between the residential welfare and class identity with the method of qualitative research. The" residential "and" non housing "," welfare "is more of a better vision of the general welfare pointing to the connotation of the welfare, welfare residential above" housing security "is a term more broad policy space, which is more in line with the current state of the middle class living reality.
The logic of the whole process of the research are as follows: select a specific class in the social structure, to understand the "process of middle class identity", pay attention to the housing welfare predicament, statements of risk residential welfare difficulties caused by the class of the crisis, and then focus on the plight of the digestion solution and the crisis of the road. Follow this logic of the research paper. To clarify the concept, way up from the residential stratification reflects the welfare thinking essential characteristics of middle-class housing welfare, to explore the possible correlation between residential welfare theory and class identity, the formation of theoretical assumptions and analytical framework, and complete the research design in the process of building the theoretical framework.
Has the obvious characteristics of empirical research design, each step to check specific theoretical assumptions. In the empirical process: analysis of present situation of residential and residential middle-class welfare welfare satisfaction data; and establishment of individual actors between the middle class and Housing Welfare Department; explore the essential characteristics of middle class residential occupation welfare; investigation residential social policies for middle-class residential welfare; the formation of the middle class regression model to promote housing welfare satisfaction; possible prospect of middle-class residential welfare. This process also shows that the middle class residential welfare worries, for intergenerational residential welfare transfer phenomenon in the corresponding analysis.
The middle class residential welfare is a high base point of occupation welfare in nature. The middle class residential welfare satisfaction will affect the occupation identity of the middle class. Good housing welfare is a prerequisite for promoting the stable development of the middle class occupation. No residential welfare promotion, the middle class of the class identity will be affected, its position class structure in the development of the city will be due to the decline in housing welfare, class crisis because of the reality of the plight of welfare housing spread.
The whole thesis contributes to study residential welfare from the perspective of social stratification, understand the status quo of middle-class residential welfare through the empirical study, to verify the hypothesis formation of the logic chain, eventually forming a path model of middle-class residential welfare promotion for reference. Only by the individual in group / class, to build a residential welfare the characteristics of the middle class from the perspective of theory. Only the relationship between residential welfare and occupation / class identity from the angle of the stratum, will find the specific sectors of the housing welfare nature and the importance of occupation and association. Also, only in the macro background of social and economic development for the middle class housing welfare policy path of ascension, to show space and tension policy system.

【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G645.1;D663

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