我国高校科学共同体建设的研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 11:27

本文关键词： 科学共同体范式高校科学共同体无形学院马太效应　出处：《成都理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学是一种社会事业，科学共同体是科学事业中的一种独特体制，是科学的一种社会建制，是从事科学认识活动的主体。高校科学共同体作为科学共同体的一种特殊形式，在我国高校实施科教兴国战略中发挥着重大的作用。本文试图对我国高校科学共同体建设的研究，分析其在运行过程中可能存在的问题，并提出相应对策，为完善我国高等教育管理、科研管理，，培养创新理念，提高科技水平等提供理论依据。论文第1章为引言。主要介绍国内外关于高校科学共同体的研究现状，以及对范式、科学共同体两个名词的概念界定：“范式”就是一个科学共同体的全体成员所共有的东西，如共同的信念、共同的价值标准、共同的理论框架和研究方法、公认的科学成就和范例等；“科学共同体”是由一些学有专长的实际工作者所组成。第2章是对科学共同体的基础理论研究。主要围绕科学共同体的兴起（从自由主义的兴起到科学共同体的创立）、特征（包括：群体性、协作性、竞争性等）、组织形式（包括无形学院与科学学派、科学学会与科学研究机构等）以及功能（包括促进学科交叉、维护正常的竞争与合作等）方面进行研究。第3章研究我国高校科学共同体的发展现状。主要围绕发展历史（从个体研究阶段到课题项目组研究阶段发展，再发展至目前的高校科学共同体研究阶段）、特征（包括环境特殊性、目标稳定性、成员流动性以及成果双重性等）、组织形式（包括层式结构、职能结构、工作组结构以及矩阵结构）等方面展开。第4章研究我国高校科学共同体的运行现状。主要围绕社会保障体系（包括经费投入运行现状、人才培养运行现状等）、交流与同行评议体系（包括学术交流的方式、同行评议的模式等）、科学奖励系统（包括奖励的方式和手段、奖励的原则等）以及社会规范体系（包括规范的组成和功能等）四个方面进行分析。第5章分析我国高校科学共同体在运行中可能存在的问题。以第4章的四个方面为重点分析，提出包括同行评议没有形成科学范式、科学奖励系统存在“马太效应”等问题。第6章根据存在的问题提出相应对策。例如：科学奖励系统存在“马太效应”，有其必然的原因，在进行高校科学共同体建设的过程中，应正确认识马太效应带来的积极影响，制定合理科学的社会规范以减少“马太效应”的消极影响。本文通过进行上述研究，为我国高校科学共同体的发展提供理论依据，希望我国高校科学共同体能够造就科学进步的殿堂，构建人才培养的摇蓝，在实现我国科学技术跨越式发展的过程中发挥巨大的作用。
[Abstract]:Science is a kind of social undertaking, and the scientific community is a unique system in the scientific cause, a social system of science, and the main body engaged in the activities of scientific cognition. As a special form of the scientific community, the scientific community in colleges and universities is a special form of the scientific community. This paper attempts to study the construction of scientific community of higher learning in our country, analyze the problems that may exist in the course of its operation, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. It provides theoretical basis for perfecting management of higher education, management of scientific research, cultivation of innovative ideas and raising the level of science and technology. The first chapter is the introduction. It mainly introduces the current situation of the research on the scientific community in colleges and universities at home and abroad, and defines the concept of the paradigm and the two nouns of the scientific community: "paradigm" is what all members of a scientific community have in common. For example, common beliefs, common values, common theoretical frameworks and research methods, recognized scientific achievements and paradigms, etc. The second chapter is the basic theoretical research on the scientific community, which mainly revolves around the rise of the scientific community (from the rise of liberalism to the establishment of the scientific community). Competitiveness, organizational form (including invisible colleges and scientific schools, scientific societies and scientific research institutions, etc.) and functions (including promoting discipline intersection, maintaining normal competition and cooperation, etc.). Chapter 3 studies the current situation of the development of the scientific community in colleges and universities in China. It mainly revolves around the history of development (from the individual research stage to the research stage of the project group). Further to the current stage of scientific community research in colleges and universities, the characteristics (including environmental particularity, stability of objectives, mobility of members and duality of achievements, etc.), organizational forms (including hierarchical structure, functional structure, etc.). Working group structure and matrix structure. Chapter 4 studies the current situation of the scientific community in colleges and universities in our country. It mainly focuses on the social security system (including the operating status of fund input, personnel training and operation, etc.), the system of exchange and peer review (including the way of academic exchange, etc.). The model of peer review, the system of scientific reward (including the ways and means of reward, the principle of reward, etc.) and the system of social norm (including the composition and function of norm, etc.) are analyzed. The fifth chapter analyzes the problems that may exist in the operation of the scientific community of colleges and universities in our country. Taking the four aspects of chapter 4 as the emphasis, the author points out that the peer review has not formed the scientific paradigm, and the scientific reward system has the "Matthew effect" and so on. Chapter 6 puts forward the corresponding countermeasures according to the existing problems. For example, there are some inevitable reasons for the existence of Matthew effect in the scientific reward system. In the course of the construction of the scientific community in colleges and universities, we should correctly understand the positive influence brought by the Matthew effect. Establish reasonable and scientific social norms to reduce the negative effects of the Matthew effect. Through the above research, this paper provides the theoretical basis for the development of the scientific community of colleges and universities in our country. It is hoped that the scientific community of colleges and universities of our country can bring up the palace of scientific progress and construct the shake-blue of the cultivation of talents. In the realization of our country's science and technology leaps and bounds in the process of development play a huge role.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G644

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