城乡户籍大学生就业差异问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 21:25

本文选题：城市户籍大学生 + 农村户籍大学生　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：有关大学生的就业难问题,现如今已成为一个社会热门话题。自从1999年开始,国家允许高等院校扩大招生,每年大学毕业生的人数不断上升。从其贡献的角度看,降低读大学的门槛,一定程度上有利于提高全民的整体素质,促进社会和经济的发展。然而,随着各高等院校的不断扩招,社会经济发展所能提供的工作岗位的有限性,也带来了大学毕业生就业困难的问题。关注和研究大学生就业问题的文献和成果数量许多。研究此类问题不仅有利于帮助大学毕业生提高自身的就业能力,也有利于国家在发展高等教育和社会发展过程中,朝着健康、和谐、可持续的方向发展。因此,本论文从城乡户籍大学生就业差异问题的视角进行研究,从户籍角度出发研究大学生就业问题。首先,本文就大学生就业问题进行简短阐述,其次通过调查问卷的数据,对城乡户籍大学生就业的就业率、工资水平、就业看法、就业态度、职业类型和工作单位类型等方面进行了对比。再次结合人力资本理论、社会资本理论和城乡二元结构的视角进行剖析。对影响城乡户籍大学生就业差异产生的因素进行较为深入全面的探讨.与以往国内外研究中过多关注大学生的成长环境和教育环境的研究模式不同,本文的研究重点将从户籍差异的角度出发,将影响其就业的资本分解为“人力资本关系”和“社会资本关系”两个层面,从城乡户籍大学生对两种资本的占有和使用两方面,及这些资本在城乡户籍大学生就业过程中的所起作用进行探讨。根据人力资本理论,认为造成城乡户籍大学生就业差异的原因主要在于大学毕业生自身的努力和能力；根据社会资本理论,认为造成城乡户籍大学生就业差异的原因主要在于大学生毕业生社会资本关系的占有、利用条件和能力的不同；根据城乡二元结构的视角,认为地域差异造成社会经济发展的不平衡,对资源的占有和使用方面的差异影响到不同地域大学生毕业生的就业。最后,基于原因分析,分别从个人、家庭、高校、政府和各单位部门的角度提出了一些相应的对策建议。缩小城乡户籍大学生的就业差异还在于不同地域间社会经济发展的资源均衡调配,建立公平合理的信息机制以及科学适用的专业设置。
[Abstract]:The employment problem of college students has now become a hot topic in society. Since 1999, the state has allowed colleges and universities to expand their enrollment, increasing the number of college graduates each year. From the point of view of its contribution, lowering the threshold of university education is helpful to improve the whole quality of the whole people and promote the development of society and economy. However, with the continuous expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities, the limited number of jobs that can be provided by social and economic development has also brought about difficulties for college graduates in obtaining employment. There are many literatures and achievements about the employment of college students. The study of this kind of problems is not only helpful to help college graduates improve their employability, but also conducive to the healthy, harmonious and sustainable development of the country in the process of developing higher education and social development. Therefore, this paper studies the employment of college students from the perspective of urban and rural household registration differences, from the perspective of household registration. First of all, this paper briefly describes the employment of college students, and then through the data of questionnaire, the employment rate, wage level, employment attitude, employment attitude of urban and rural registered college students are discussed. The occupational type and the work unit type were compared. Thirdly, combining the theory of human capital, the theory of social capital and the dual structure of urban and rural areas. This paper makes a thorough and comprehensive discussion on the factors that affect the employment difference between urban and rural registered college students. Different from the previous researches at home and abroad, which pay too much attention to the growth environment and educational environment of college students, the research focus of this paper will be from the perspective of the difference of household registration. The capital that affects their employment is divided into two levels: "human capital relationship" and "social capital relationship", from the two aspects of possession and use of the two kinds of capital by urban and rural registered college students. And the role of these capital in the employment process of urban and rural registered college students. According to the theory of human capital, it is believed that the main reason for the difference in employment between urban and rural registered college students lies in the efforts and abilities of the graduates themselves, and according to the theory of social capital, It is believed that the main reasons for the difference in employment between urban and rural registered college students lie in the possession of social capital, the different utilization conditions and the different abilities of college graduates, according to the perspective of urban-rural dual structure. It is considered that regional differences cause imbalance in social and economic development, and differences in the possession and use of resources affect the employment of college graduates from different regions. Finally, based on the analysis of reasons, this paper puts forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the angle of individual, family, university, government and departments. To narrow the employment difference between urban and rural registered college students lies in the balanced allocation of social and economic development resources between different regions, the establishment of fair and reasonable information mechanism and the scientific and applicable professional setup.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

【参考文献】