我国大学二级学院设置和分类研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 11:51

本文选题：大学 + 二级学院　；参考：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：学院在12世纪70年代首创于法国的巴黎大学,发展到今天,学院存在于大学之中已有八百多年的历史,虽然现在的学院与最初产生时有很大不同,但经历历史沧桑巨变依然存在的学院必定有其独特之处。阿特巴赫在《高等教育的发展模式》中讲到“世界上只有一种共同的学院模式”,可见,学院是世界大学共同保存下来的唯一的遗产。学院在我国的创立经历了波折的过程,1952年的院系调整使学院在我国的大学中瞬间消失。而到了20世纪八九十年代,我国大学又纷纷开始重设学院,经过二十年的发展,大部分大学已经组建了学院,学院在大学中发挥的作用也日益显现出来。但是学院建设不是一劳永逸的,并非建立了学院就是实行学院制,学院制的实施还需要一些相应的制度环境来保障。在我国大学设立学院的过程中存在不少问题,如有些大学设置学院的随意性大,学院名称不规范、不统一；学院划分过细,内部学科容量小,不利于多科性创新型人才的培养；学院数量过多,大学管理幅度过宽,影响管理效率；学院在人事管理、财务管删等方面缺乏自主权等等。基于以上状况,本研究选取我国称为大学的本科高校作为研究样本,从各大学网站中搜集其学院设置情况并进行综合分析。首先,对学院进行数量分析：从整体角度对所有学院进行数量分析；按照学科门类把学院进行分类,分析各学科学院数量和设置情况以及跨学科学院的设置情况；并分析大学的师生数量与学院数量的相关性。通过分析发现学院数量存在以下特征：各大学的学院数量分布集中；各学院的数量参差不齐；各学科门类中的学院数量不均；不同学科门类学院设置依据的比例不均。第二,按照学位授予权的不同把大学分为有博士学位授予权的211大学、有博士学位授予权的非211大学、有硕士学位授予权的大学和只有学士学位授予权的大学四类,对各类大学的学院设置情况进行剖析和比较；对院系并存大学的学院设置情况进行分析。第三,从内因和外因两个角度分析我国大学学院设置的影响因素,总结学院设置中存在的问题：学院数量过多；学院名称不规范且频繁变更；学院设置的随意性；学院没置市场化；追求“齐全”,忽视基础性学科；忽视人文科学的基础地位；跨学科学院的学科跨度小,数量少。最后提出,学院设置要以学科为基础,学院设置的目的就是要最大限度地促进学科的发展。在此基础上,提出学院设置的原则是要坚持学科发展的内部逻辑,同时在一定程度上适应社会环境发展的需要,达到内部逻辑和外部逻辑的统一。以上述研究为依据,提出学院设置要遵循知识发展的逻辑,在学科分化和学科综合的基础上创新学术组织,推动跨学科和超学科研究的发展。
[Abstract]:The institute was first founded in the 1270s at the University of Paris in France. Today, it has existed in the university for more than 800 years, although the present school is quite different from when it was originally created. But the college that still exists after the vicissitudes of history must have its own uniqueness. "there is only one common college model in the world", said Atbach in the Development Model of higher Education. It can be seen that college is the only heritage of the world's universities. The establishment of the college in our country experienced twists and turns, and the adjustment of the faculty and department in 1952 made the college disappear in the universities of our country. In the 1980s and 1990s, universities in China began to re-establish colleges. After 20 years of development, most universities have set up colleges, and the role of colleges in universities is increasingly apparent. But the college construction is not once and for all, either the establishment of the college or the implementation of the college system, the implementation of the college system also needs some corresponding institutional environment to ensure. There are many problems in the process of setting up colleges in our country, for example, some universities have great arbitrariness in setting up colleges, the names of colleges are not standardized and unified, the division of colleges is too small, and the capacity of internal disciplines is small, which is not conducive to the cultivation of innovative talents of multiple subjects. The number of colleges is too large and the scope of university management is too wide, which affects the efficiency of management, and the college lacks autonomy in personnel management, financial management and deletion, etc. Based on the above situation, this study selects the undergraduate colleges and universities called universities in China as the research samples, collects the college settings from the websites of each university and makes a comprehensive analysis. First of all, carry on the quantity analysis to the college: carry on the quantity analysis to all the colleges from the whole angle, classify the college according to the subject category, analyze the quantity and the setting situation of each discipline college and the setting of the cross-subject college; And analyzes the correlation between the number of teachers and students and the number of colleges. It is found that the number of colleges has the following characteristics: the number of colleges in each university is concentrated, the number of colleges is uneven, the number of colleges in each subject category is uneven, and the proportion of different subject colleges is uneven. Secondly, according to the different powers of granting degrees, universities are divided into four categories: 211 universities with the right to grant doctorates, non-211 universities with the power to grant doctorates, universities with the power to grant master's degrees and universities with only the power to grant bachelor's degrees. This paper analyzes and compares the establishment of colleges in various universities, and analyzes the establishment of colleges and universities co-existing with colleges and departments. Thirdly, it analyzes the influencing factors of college setting in our country from two angles of internal cause and external cause, and summarizes the problems existing in the establishment of college: the excessive number of colleges, the irregular and frequent change of college name, the arbitrariness of college setting; The college has no marketization, pursues "complete", neglects the basic subject, neglects the basic position of the humanities, and the interdisciplinary college has a small span and a small number of subjects. Finally, the establishment of the college should be based on the discipline, and the purpose of the establishment of the college is to promote the development of the discipline to the maximum extent. On this basis, it is put forward that the principle of college establishment is to adhere to the internal logic of discipline development, to meet the needs of social environment development to a certain extent, and to achieve the unity of internal logic and external logic. On the basis of the above research, it is proposed that the establishment of colleges should follow the logic of knowledge development, innovate academic organizations on the basis of discipline differentiation and discipline synthesis, and promote the development of interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

【参考文献】