我国普通高校本科专业设置研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 12:25

本文选题：普通高校 + 本科专业　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：知识经济的发展需要高质量人才的推动。高等学校承担着人才培养的重任,社会经济的发展与科学技术的进步都离不开综合性专业人才的贡献。然而自1999年我国高等学校扩大招生规模以来,本科毕业生就业越来越难的问题引起了社会各界广泛而持续地关注。追本溯源发现,毕业生的就业状况与我国普通高等学校本科专业的设置有直接联系,二者相互作用、相互影响。由于专业是培养人才的基本单位,是高等学校进行人才培养模式改革的基础,因此高校本科专业怎样设置才能满足社会对不同类型人才的需求；专业设置又如何调整才能保障本科教育的质量；高校在设置本科专业时要受到哪些因素的限制、又有哪些优势可以利用等问题随之而来。想要解决这些问题,深入研究本科专业设置就显得尤为必要了。本文试图从我国普通高校本科专业设置的现状入手,在阐述专业设置的相关概念、历史背景和研究现状的基础上,对普通高校本科专业设置所面临的问题和影响因素进行分析,同时选取美国本科专业设置作为比较研究的对象,以期探讨出具有可行性的普通高校本科专业设置的对策。目前我国普通高校在本科专业设置方面滋生出许多现象,如本科专业设置的盲目性和随意性等,但归根结底主要是由三类矛盾引起的：一是专业设置情况与社会需求之间的矛盾,二是专业设置结构与人才培养之间的矛盾,三是专业设置权相对集中和高校要求自主的矛盾。这三对矛盾揭示出我国普通高校本科专业设置的问题,并隐含了影响我国普通高校本科专业设置的几个因素——高等教育理念和高等教育规律、国家政治环境和政府决策、社会经济情况和产业结构、科学技术发展以及高校自身。在分析具体问题的过程中,政府、市场和高校这三者的关系逐渐显现出来。也就是说,只有把握好这三者之间分工协作的关系,才有可能使问题得到根本性的解决。针对我国普通高校本科专业设置的特点和出现的问题,文章也重点从政府、市场及高校三个层面详细展开并提出建议。宏观上分析了政府对高校专业设置调控的手段,建议留更多的空间给高校,实施“有限政府”的管理方式。微观上对高校内部的管理机制进行了研究,认为高校自身才是进行本科专业设置和调整的主体,应在充分利用专业设置自主权的基础上,明确自身定位、更新教育观念,并立足区域经济发展,以优化专业结构,探索人才培养新模式为核心,满足劳动力市场的需求。在市场和社会层面中,以发挥市场对本科专业设置的中介功能、社会各界加强对本科专业设置的监管功能为主。在形成建议时,还吸收了美国高校本科专业设置的经验,尤其是在适应社会需求,强调基础理论,以及建立灵活的专业课程体系等方面,对我国本科人才培养方案的规划有一定的启发。本研究同时还预测了未来我国本科专业设置的趋势,具有一定的超前性,有利于本科专业建设向可持续发展的方向迈进。需要强调的是,在解决我国本科专业设置出现的问题和矛盾时,一定要结合我国高校本科教育的实际,不可机械模仿他国本科专业设置的模式。我们所追求的本科专业设置平衡是一种动态的平衡,这其中的核心问题是要处理好政府、社会和高校之间的关系,即各自把握“度”的恰适性,这样才能给教育质量以保障,才能促进人才的流动。同时,我们提倡的是充分发挥高校自身的能动性,即主动创新能力或者适应能力,而不是简单地按照政府的指令去做,更不是完全受市场的导向来设置专业。因而,本研究反复强调应在尊重高等教育规律的基础上,建立一个本科专业设置系统的良性运行机制,机制中各要素积极沟通,互相配合,充分发挥各自的职能作用,引领社会在经济、科技和文化上正确的前进方向。
[Abstract]:The development of knowledge economy needs the promotion of high-quality talents. Colleges and universities bear the responsibility of cultivating talents. The development of social economy and the progress of science and technology can not be separated from the contribution of comprehensive professionals. However, since the enlargement of enrollment scale in China's higher schools in 1999, the problem of more and more difficult employment for undergraduate students has caused the society. All walks of life continue to pay attention to it. It is found that the employment situation of graduates has a direct connection with the setting up of undergraduate specialties in Colleges and universities in China. The two parties interact and interact with each other. Setting up can meet the needs of different types of talents for the society, and how to adjust the quality of the undergraduate education by adjusting the professional settings; what are the factors to be restricted and what advantages can be used in the setting of undergraduate majors in Colleges and universities. It is particularly necessary.
On the basis of the related concepts, historical background and research status of the professional setting, this paper tries to analyze the problems and influencing factors of the undergraduate specialty setting in the general colleges and universities, and select the American undergraduate specialty setting as the object of comparative study. The Countermeasures for the feasibility of setting up undergraduate majors in Colleges and universities are feasible.
At present, there are many phenomena in the colleges and universities in our country, such as the blindness and randomness of the undergraduate specialties, but in the final analysis, it is mainly caused by three kinds of contradictions: the first is the contradiction between the professional setting and the social needs, the two is the contradiction between the professional setting and the training of talents, and the three is the professional establishment. The contradiction between the relative centralization of rights and the demand for autonomy in Colleges and universities. These three contradictions reveal the problems of the undergraduate specialty setting in China's ordinary colleges and universities, and imply several factors that affect the setting of the undergraduate specialty in the ordinary universities of our country - the concept of higher education and the law of higher education, the state political environment and the government decision, the social and economic situation and the industrial knot. Construction, the development of science and technology and the university itself. In the process of analyzing the specific problems, the relationship between the three parties of the government, the market and the university gradually emerged. That is to say, it is possible to make the problem get a fundamental solution only by grasping the relationship of the Division and cooperation between the three.
In view of the characteristics and problems of undergraduate specialty setting in Colleges and universities in China, the article also focuses on the three levels of government, market and University, and puts forward some suggestions. Macro analysis is made on the government's means for the regulation of the professional setting of colleges and universities. It is suggested that more space should be left to colleges and universities to implement the management mode of "limited government". The management mechanism within the university has been studied. It is considered that the university itself is the main body of setting and adjusting the specialty of the undergraduate course. On the basis of making full use of the autonomy of the professional setting, it should clear its own position, renew the educational concept, and base on the development of the regional economy, in order to optimize the professional structure, explore the new model of talent training as the core, and satisfy the labor. In the market and the social level, in the market and the social level, in order to give play to the intermediary function of the undergraduate specialty, the community strengthens the supervision function of the undergraduate specialty. In the formation of suggestions, it also absorbs the experience of the undergraduate specialty setting in American colleges and universities, especially in the social needs, the emphasis on the basic theory, and the establishment of flexibility. The professional curriculum system, etc., has some inspiration for the planning of undergraduate training program in China. This study also predicts the future trend of undergraduate specialty setting in China, which has a certain advance, which is conducive to the direction of the undergraduate specialty construction to the direction of sustainable development.
It is necessary to emphasize that in solving the problems and contradictions of the undergraduate specialty setting in our country, we must combine the practice of undergraduate education in China's colleges and universities, and can not imitate the mode of undergraduate specialty setting mechanically. The balance of the undergraduate specialty setting we pursue is a dynamic balance, the core of which is to deal with the government and society. The relationship between the University and the university is to grasp the suitability of the "degree", in order to guarantee the quality of the education, and to promote the flow of talents. At the same time, we advocate the full use of the initiative of the university itself, that is, the ability to innovate or the ability to adapt, rather than simply according to the instructions of the government, and not completely by the city. As a result, this study repeatedly emphasizes that on the basis of respecting the law of higher education, we should establish a virtuous operation mechanism of the system of undergraduate professional setting. All the elements in the mechanism should communicate actively, cooperate with each other, give full play to their respective functions and functions, and lead the society in the right direction of economic, scientific and cultural progress.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G642.0

【参考文献】