大学生角色意识形成研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 23:38

本文选题：大学生 + 角色意识　；参考：《中国计量学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在高等教育大众化的今天，大学生的成长和质量问题越来越受到社会各界的广泛关注。伴随着近些年高校不断扩招，在中学学习成绩中等甚至中等偏下的学生都能够进入大学学习。与精英教育阶段不同的是，现在的大学生很难做到自主学习，他们习惯于沿用中学的学习模式和思维模式，对大学的理解不到位，无法尽快进入大学生角色，往往陷入“身在大学，心理上还是中学生”的误区。缺乏大学生角色意识，必然导致一连串的不适应、不习惯，长此以往甚至会产生各种心理疾病。大学阶段是真正的心理断乳期，也是个人成长发展的关键时期。只有建立“大学生”的角色意识，才能形成符合大学学习生活需要的行为方式和思维方法，进而有效地接受大学教育。虽然大学生角色意识问题日益突出，但现有资料中相关研究较少，仅有的论述往往集中于教师角色意识的研究，不足以支撑现实问题的解决。本研究在已有相关研究结果的基础上，对角色意识理论进行梳理和分析，参考了美国发展心理学家纽科姆关于角色意识形成的理论，主要选择了我国社会学专家奚从清教授的角色意识形成的相关理论为依据，通过编制问卷、抽取样本进行个别访谈和问卷调查，并采用描述统计、差异性分析等方法，深入了解大学生角色意识形成的现状，分析大学生角色意识方面的差异性，并简要分析影响大学生角色意识形成的原因，最后提出对策建议。调查分析表明，大学生的角色意识不够明晰，多数学生并未真正认同自己的大学生身份。具体表现在对“大学”和“大学生”的理解不到位，相当一部分学生甚至不明白大学教育和中学教育是有区别的，仍然固守中学生的思维方式和学习方法，很难适应大学的学习生活。除学生自身的原因外，，学校管理和引导等方面的一些问题也影响着大学生角色意识的形成。基于上述调查，本研究从学校和学生自身方面出发，提出增强大学生角色意识的建议：一、学校方面：（1）强化新生入学教育的实效性，引导新生了解大学、认识大学、清楚大学与中学的不同之处；（2）完善课程设置，规范课程教学，帮助大学生掌握大学的学习方法，进而逐步学会学习，二、学生自身方面：（1）用积极的心态去认识并接受新环境带来的种种挑战，认清诸多不适源自于中学生的思维定势，并努力缩短与新角色的距离（2）加强自我了解，确立发展目标，主动寻找差距，注重学业规划的制订与执行（3）注意调整心态，积极参与教学过程，以培养自主学习能力。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of higher education, the growth and quality of college students are paid more and more attention. With the increasing enrollment of colleges and universities in recent years, students with middle or lower grades in middle school can enter the university. What is different from the elite education stage is that it is very difficult for college students to learn independently. They are used to using the learning and thinking models of middle schools, and they do not have a good understanding of the universities and cannot enter into the role of college students as soon as possible. Often fall into "in the university, psychologically or middle school students" misunderstanding. The lack of role consciousness of college students will inevitably lead to a series of unfit, unaccustomed, and even psychological diseases in the long run. The college stage is the true period of psychological weaning and the key period of personal development. Only by establishing the role consciousness of "college students", can we form the behavior and thinking methods that meet the needs of college study and life, and then effectively accept the university education. Although the problem of college students' role consciousness is becoming more and more prominent, there are few related studies in the existing materials, and the only discussion is often focused on the study of teachers' role consciousness, which is not enough to support the solution of practical problems. On the basis of the existing research results, this study combs and analyzes the theory of role consciousness, referring to the theory of the formation of role consciousness made by American development psychologist Newcombe. Based on the theory of the formation of role consciousness of Professor Xi Congqing, a sociological expert in China, the author draws up questionnaires, takes samples for individual interviews and questionnaires, and adopts the methods of descriptive statistics, difference analysis, etc. This paper makes a deep understanding of the status quo of the formation of college students' role consciousness, analyzes the differences in the aspect of college students' role consciousness, and briefly analyzes the reasons that affect the formation of college students' role consciousness, and finally puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. The investigation and analysis show that the role consciousness of college students is not clear enough and most students do not really identify with their identity as college students. The concrete manifestation is that the understanding of "university" and "university student" is not in place. Quite a number of students do not even understand that there is a difference between college education and middle school education, and they still stick to the way of thinking and learning methods of middle school students. It's hard to adapt to college life. Besides the reasons of students themselves, some problems in school management and guidance also affect the formation of college students' role consciousness. Based on the above investigation, this study puts forward some suggestions to enhance the students' role consciousness from the aspects of the school and the students themselves: first, the school should strengthen the effectiveness of the freshman's entrance education, and guide the freshmen to understand the university and know the university. Make clear the differences between the university and the middle school (2) perfect the curriculum, standardize the course teaching, help the college students master the learning methods of the university, and then gradually learn to learn. Students on their own side: 1) to recognize and accept the challenges posed by the new environment with a positive attitude, to recognize that many discomfort stems from the mental stereotype of middle school students, and to strive to shorten the distance from the new role) to strengthen self-understanding and establish development goals. To actively find the gap, pay attention to the formulation and implementation of academic planning pay attention to the adjustment of mentality, actively participate in the teaching process, in order to cultivate the ability of autonomous learning.
【学位授予单位】：中国计量学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G641

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