美国与德国政治教育比较及其对我国政治教育的启示

发布时间：2018-06-05 19:03

本文选题：政治教育 + 比较研究　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前，国内外学者对思想政治教育的比较研究不胜枚举，然而，专门针对政治教育做比较研究的却很少。随着世界经济、政治全球化的发展，我国公民面临着越来越多的价值观的挑战。一些青年人的社会主义价值观逐渐淡化，反之，资产阶级的价值观越来越为其所接受，甚至一部分人的社会主义政治观念淡薄，政治参与的热情度不高等问题的出现，迫使我们不得不重新审视我国的政治教育。选择美国和德国的政治教育进行比较分析研究，是因为这两个国家作为西方发达国家的典型代表，不仅在经济方面处于领先地位，而且在政治教育方面也颇有自己的建树，有符合自己国情的政治教育理论，并形成了一套相对完善的政治教育体系，将对我国政治教育有所启迪。本文通过对美国和德国的政治教育在理论、目标、内容和方法四个方面进行比较，，进而得出两国政治教育对我国的一些启示。因此，本文分为五部分。第一部分是，美国与德国政治教育理论比较，以及两国政治教育理论的特点；第二部分是，美国与德国政治教育目标比较，以及两国政治教育目标的特点；第三部分是，美国与德国政治教育内容比较，以及两国政治教育内容的特点；第四部分是，美国与德国政治教育方法比较，以及两国政治教育方法的特点；第五部分是，美国与德国政治教育对我国的启示。文章最后一部分，将针对以上四部分的分析，得出我国政治教育存在的一些问题，并将以马克思主义唯物史观和人的主体性理论为指导，结合我国国内的实际情况，总结得出适合当前我国社会发展的政治教育策略。通过分析可知，我国的政治教育在对公民政治认知能力的培养上，偏重知识的灌输，缺乏对公民政治认同感的教育和培养，从而导致我国公民政治意识淡薄，政治参与的热情度不高，一定程度上存在“政治冷漠”的现象，甚至出现抵触政治的现象。而且，政治教育缺乏层次性和时代感，不注重教育的循序渐进，政治教育出现“倒金字塔”现象。另外，对政治教育没有一个合理的定位，未能清晰了解政治教育与思想政治教育和道德教育的区别，导致政治教育没有自己的“合法地位”。在研究方法上，本文以马克思唯物史观为思想，采用辩证法分析问题，用多学科交叉法、理论与实际相结合等方法，总结得出解决问题的办法。经过分析研究，本文得出的结论是：随着世界政治经济的发展，全球化趋势越来越强，政治教育在面对价值观多元化的冲击下，需要被重视起来，不能仅仅停留在知识灌输的层面，而是要有实际操作意义，并培养公民的政治主体意识，让公民对本国政治产生认同感，从而内化为自己的政治行为。这一目标的实现，则需要全社会的共同努力。
[Abstract]:At present, there are too many comparative studies on ideological and political education at home and abroad. With the development of world economy and political globalization, Chinese citizens are facing more and more challenges of values. The socialist values of some young people are gradually desalinated. On the contrary, the bourgeois values are becoming more and more accepted by them, and even some people's socialist political concepts are weak and the enthusiasm for political participation is not high. We were forced to re-examine our political education. The reason for the comparative analysis of political education in the United States and Germany is that the two countries, as typical representatives of the developed countries in the West, are not only in a leading position in economic terms, but also have their own achievements in political education. The theory of political education in accordance with its own national conditions and the formation of a relatively perfect political education system will enlighten China's political education. This paper compares the political education of the United States and Germany in four aspects: theory, goal, content and method, and then draws some enlightenments from the political education of the two countries to our country. Therefore, this paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the comparison between the political education theories of the United States and Germany and the characteristics of the political education theories of the two countries; the second part is the comparison of the political education objectives between the United States and Germany and the characteristics of the political education objectives of the two countries; the third part is the characteristics of the political education objectives of the two countries. The fourth part is the comparison between the political education methods of the United States and Germany, and the characteristics of the political education methods of the two countries. The Enlightenment of American and German political Education to our country. In the last part of the article, according to the analysis of the above four parts, some problems existing in political education in our country will be obtained, and will be guided by Marxist historical materialism and human subjectivity theory, combined with the actual situation of our country. Summarize the political education strategy suitable for the current social development of our country. Through the analysis, we can know that the political education in our country pays more attention to the indoctrination of knowledge and the lack of the education and cultivation of the citizen's political identity in the cultivation of the citizens' political cognition ability, which leads to the weak political consciousness of the citizens in our country. The enthusiasm of political participation is not high, the phenomenon of "political apathy" exists to some extent, and even the phenomenon of resistance to politics appears. Moreover, the political education lacks the stratification and the sense of the times, does not pay attention to the education step by step, the political education appears "the inverted pyramid" phenomenon. In addition, there is no reasonable orientation for political education, and the difference between political education and ideological and political education and moral education is not clearly understood, which leads to political education not having its own "legal status". In terms of research methods, this paper takes Marxist historical materialism as the thought, adopts dialectical analysis method, uses multi-disciplinary intersecting method, combines theory with practice and so on, summarizes the solution to the problem. After analysis and research, the conclusion is: with the development of world politics and economy, the trend of globalization is becoming stronger and stronger. Political education needs to be paid more attention to under the impact of the diversity of values. We should not only stop at the level of inculcation of knowledge, but also have practical significance, and cultivate citizens' consciousness of political subject, so that citizens can identify with their own politics and internalize it as their own political behavior. The realization of this goal requires the joint efforts of the whole society.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G641

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