功利主义视域中的大学生价值取向研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 03:35

本文选题：功利主义 + 大学生　；参考：《安徽工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在对功利主义进行学理分析的基础上,研究功利主义对大学生价值取向的影响及解决对策。文章的主体分为三个部分:首先对功利主义进行解读。本章包括功利与功利主义的区别、功利主义的核心特点和发展过程、功利主义的合理性和历史局限性。功利主义的合理性主要表现为满足了个人的需求,充分尊重个人的合理利益,这体现出了道德以人为本的价值追求;用人是否能得到快乐和幸福来评价道德的是非,这是功利主义在寻找除了人的理念和上帝以外的道德评判标准,这对于当时为了冲破神学的束缚来说具有进步意义。功利主义的局限性表现在以下几个方面:功利主义者将主观的感受看作是评判道德是非的客观标准,试图将评判道德是非的标准客观化并未成功;功利主义刻意回避了人的社会性本质,最终会陷入享乐主义;功利主义过分强调行为所产生的效果的价值,可能会导致个人正当权利和利益被忽视或被否认,也可能会忽视内部分配的公平性;功利主义将人的幸福和快乐建立在物质之上,认为人的一切行为都归结为寻求个人的利益,这是对人性的曲解和异化,这种思想必然会导致人们的价值观念向世俗化发展。其次,阐明功利主义对大学生价值取向的积极影响和消极影响。功利主义对大学生价值取向的积极影响主要有两点:第一,价值取向主体地位增强,向个体化发展;第二,价值取向目标具有务实性,向现实化发展。功利主义对大学生价值取向的消极影响主要有:行为方式上的利己主义,学习上的功利主义倾向明显,人际交往上的功利主义色彩浓厚,就业观上的急功近利,婚恋观上的世俗化。在分析功利主义对大学生价值取向产生影响的基础上,具体分析这一价值取向产生的哲学基础。最后,以马克思主义的利益观为基础,探讨如何消除功利主义对大学生价值取向产生的消极影响,树立以马克思主义的利益观为指导的价值取向。要做到这些,就要以马克思主义的利益观为总得指导方针,在全社会范围内开展大学生义利观教育;学校也应当加强大学生马克思主义理论教育,积极引导学生树立集体主义价值观;大学生更应该积极参加各种社会实践,在实践中锻炼自己的品格,提升对功利主义的认识,形成正确的价值观。
[Abstract]:Based on the theoretical analysis of utilitarianism, this paper studies the influence of utilitarianism on the value orientation of college students and its solutions. The main body of the article is divided into three parts: first of all, to interpret utilitarianism. This chapter includes the distinction between utilitarianism and utilitarianism, the core characteristics and development process of utilitarianism, the rationality and historical limitation of utilitarianism. The rationality of utilitarianism mainly shows that it satisfies the individual's needs, fully respects the reasonable interests of the individual, which reflects the value pursuit of moral people-oriented, whether the person can get happiness and happiness to evaluate the moral right and wrong, This is utilitarianism looking for moral criteria other than the idea of man and God, which was progressive in order to break the shackles of theology at that time. The limitation of utilitarianism lies in the following aspects: the utilitarian regards subjective feeling as the objective criterion of judging moral right and wrong, and attempts to objectify the criterion of judging moral right and wrong without success; Utilitarianism deliberately avoids the social nature of human beings and eventually falls into hedonism; utilitarianism overemphasizes the value of the effects of actions, which may lead to the neglect or denial of the legitimate rights and interests of individuals. It is also possible to ignore the fairness of internal distribution; utilitarianism establishes human happiness and happiness on a material basis, arguing that all human actions are reduced to seeking personal interests, which is a misinterpretation and alienation of human nature. This thought will inevitably lead to the secular development of people's values. Secondly, it clarifies the positive and negative influence of utilitarianism on the value orientation of college students. The positive influence of utilitarianism on the value orientation of college students has two main points: first, the main position of value orientation is strengthened and developed to individualization; second, the goal of value orientation has practical and realistic development. The negative effects of utilitarianism on the value orientation of college students are as follows: egoism in behavior style, obvious utilitarianism tendency in study, strong utilitarianism in interpersonal communication, quick achievement and instant benefit in employment view. The secularization of the concept of love and marriage. On the basis of analyzing the influence of utilitarianism on the value orientation of college students, the philosophical basis of this value orientation is analyzed in detail. Finally, based on the Marxist view of profit, this paper discusses how to eliminate the negative influence of utilitarianism on the value orientation of college students and establish the value orientation guided by Marxist view of profit. To achieve this, we must take the Marxist view of interest as the general guiding principle, and carry out education on the concept of justice and profit among college students throughout society. Schools should also strengthen the education of Marxist theory among college students. College students should actively participate in various social practices, exercise their character in practice, promote the understanding of utilitarianism, and form correct values.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G641

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