优质教学背景下的美国高校教师绩效评价

发布时间：2018-06-19 01:07

本文选题：优质教学 + 美国　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：优质教学是二十世纪之后世界各国高等教育改革的重要组成部分。尤其是大学研究职能受到重视后,教师们对教学的热情日益减少,许多教师认为研究才‘是他们在大学当中的主要任务,从而导致大学职能的转变和教学质量的下降。优质教学思想应运而生优质教学并不是一个定量的概念,也并非是一个终止性的概念,它的概念是描述性的,发展性的,它伴随着学生的学习生涯,因此为优质教学下一个规范性的概念是很困难的,这一点一直被英美学者作为讨论的热门话题,同时也是困扰他们的一个旧题,一些学者从对概念的热衷转向从不同的角度理解优质教学的众多特征,因此他们不再只停留在对优质教学下一个规范性的定义,而是从不同的侧面了解何谓优质教学,这些特征更能体现什么样的教学才是优质教学. 优质教学不是独立的概念,它与教育领域的众多因素都有着密切关联,例如教师素质,学校管理,学生品质,教师激励机制,教师薪资制度等等,这些因素都影响着优质教学的实施效果。本文把美国高校实行的教师绩效制度置于优质教学的背景之下,试图探悉在优质教学这一目标的指挥下,美国高校当中的教师绩效评价制度对教学所产生的影响,并且通过俄亥俄州的“优质计划”进行案例阐述,探悉在优质教学的要求下,对教师评价所产生的影响。为了实现以上目标,本论文主要由以下四章组成：第一章：优质教学的理论内涵,主要探悉优质教学的特征和多位学者为优质教学所下的定义,从多个角度了解优质教学的特征,并且了解对优质教学不同的理解维度,因为不同的背景环境下对优质教学的理解是有差异的。这一章主要为后文奠定理论基础,可以通过理论的积淀对实践进行客观的评价。第二章：美国高校教师绩效评价,主要论述了美国高校当中教师绩效评价的发展概况和内容,首先分别梳理美国高校教师评价的发展历程和实行绩效评价的背景,其次对实行教师绩效的理论基础进行阐述,最后对绩效评价的作用和其具体应用进行论述。这一章主要了解美国高校当中教师绩效的具体情况并分析其对教学的保障作用。第三章：美国俄亥俄州“优质计划”个案研究,以美国俄亥俄州实行的“优质计划”进行个案阐述分析,对这一计划进行的具体过程进行详细阐述,并分析其对教师评价制度产生的影响,“优质计划”的指导思想是优质教学,本章试图分析优质教学背景下教师评价制度的产生过程及其对教师评价所产生的影响。第四章：结论与启示部分,主要探讨了优质教学与教师绩效评价的关系,其二者是相互关联的两种事物,优质教学的宏观背景下教师绩效评价的内容发生了变化,评判标准也有所改变,高校实行的教师绩效评价对教师的教学效果也产生了多方面的影响。
[Abstract]:High-quality teaching is an important part of the reform of higher education in the world after the 20 ~ (th) century. Especially after the university research function is paid attention to, the teachers' enthusiasm for teaching is decreasing day by day. Many teachers think that the research talent is their main task in the university, which leads to the transformation of the university function and the decline of the teaching quality. High quality teaching is not a quantitative concept, nor is it a terminating concept. Its concept is descriptive and developmental, and it is accompanied by students' learning career. Therefore, the next normative concept for high-quality teaching is very difficult. This point has always been a hot topic for discussion by British and American scholars, and it is also an old topic that puzzles them. Some scholars, from their passion for concepts to understanding the many characteristics of quality teaching from different angles, no longer dwell on a normative definition of quality teaching, but understand what quality teaching is from different aspects. These characteristics can more reflect what kind of teaching is the quality of teaching. Quality teaching is not an independent concept, it is closely related to many factors in the field of education, such as teacher quality, school management, student quality, teacher incentive mechanism, teacher pay system, etc. These factors all affect the implementation effect of high-quality teaching. This paper puts the teacher performance system in American colleges and universities under the background of high quality teaching and tries to find out the influence of teacher performance evaluation system in American colleges and universities on teaching under the direction of the goal of high quality teaching. And through Ohio's "quality Plan" to illustrate the case, under the quality of teaching requirements, the impact of teacher evaluation. In order to achieve the above goal, this paper is composed of the following four chapters: chapter one: the theoretical connotation of quality teaching, the characteristics of high quality teaching and the definition made by many scholars for high quality teaching. Understanding the characteristics of high quality teaching from many angles and understanding the different understanding dimensions of high quality teaching, because the understanding of quality teaching is different in different background environment. This chapter lays a theoretical foundation for the following articles, and can objectively evaluate the practice through the accumulation of theory. The second chapter: the performance evaluation of American college teachers, mainly discusses the general situation and content of teacher performance evaluation in American colleges and universities. Firstly, it combs the development process and the background of performance evaluation of American colleges and universities. Secondly, it expounds the theoretical basis of implementing teacher performance, and finally discusses the role of performance evaluation and its specific application. This chapter mainly studies the specific situation of teachers' performance in American colleges and universities and analyzes its role in guaranteeing teaching. Chapter three: the case study of "quality Plan" in Ohio, USA. The case study is based on the "quality Plan" implemented in Ohio, and the concrete process of this plan is described in detail. This chapter tries to analyze the process of teachers' evaluation system under the background of high quality teaching and its influence on teachers' evaluation. Chapter four: the conclusion and enlightenment part, mainly discusses the relationship between high quality teaching and teacher performance evaluation, the two are two kinds of interrelated things, the content of teacher performance evaluation has changed under the macro background of high quality teaching. The evaluation standard has also changed, and the performance evaluation of teachers in colleges and universities has had many influences on teachers' teaching effect.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

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