以学生为中心的育人体系——西交利物浦大学人才培养模式案例分析

发布时间：2018-07-27 15:17

【摘要】：当前,我国高等教育已经由数量式增长转变到内涵式发展的模式。《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》和《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》都将创新人才培养机制列为高校深化改革的重中之重。中国的大学要通过人才培养机制创新实现内涵式发展。一方面,需要深入分析当代影响人类生存生活方式的重大趋势对高校人才培养模式的影响,特别是知识经济对人才的创新性和个性化学习的要求,全球化导致国际视野在人才竞争力中的核心地位,以及信息与通讯技术革命带来的人类学习和生活方式的改变。另一方面,当前我国高等教育虽已进入由数量到内涵发展的阶段,但高校的办学行为没有体现"以学生为核心"的本质特征,学生在大学的中心地位并没有真正得以实现。以奖励、基金、论文等指标为核心的大学发展思路牢牢控制大学领导者的注意力,消耗了大量的资源,导致学生占有的大学资源量十分有限,形成"学生边缘化"的状况。很多大学的育人模式仍然采用传统的以教师为中心的知识灌输方式,尚没有从学习者的需求出发来重新反思当前的育人理念、教学模式以及行政保障体系。中国大学要通过构建以学生学习和成长为核心的新型人才培养机制,首先要从理念上打破高校领导和管理者的行政化思维,建立起以学生个体成长需要和社会发展对人才的需求为学校发展核心的理念。其次,要在操作层面上改变传统的教学模式,构建以学习者为中心的教学体系和行政保障体系。文章针对我国大学人才培养中的"学生边缘化"问题和国家高教改革的战略,系统论述了西交利物浦大学"以学生为中心"育人体系的实施背景、构建方式、关键环节和初步成效,并对推进我国大学人才培养模式改革提出政策建议。
[Abstract]:At present, China's higher education has changed from a quantitative growth model to an implicit development model. "decision of the CPC Central Committee on several important issues of comprehensively deepening Reform" and "outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2010-2020)" Innovative talent training mechanism will be listed as the most important part of deepening reform in colleges and universities. The universities in China should realize the connotative development through the innovation of talent training mechanism. On the one hand, it is necessary to deeply analyze the influence of the major trend of contemporary human existence and life style on the mode of talent training in colleges and universities, especially the requirements of the knowledge economy for the innovative and individualized learning of talents. Globalization has led to the core position of international vision in talent competitiveness and the changes in human learning and lifestyle brought about by the revolution in information and communication technology. On the other hand, although China's higher education has entered the stage of development from quantity to connotation, the behavior of running a school does not embody the essential characteristic of "taking students as the core", and the central position of students in universities has not been realized. The idea of university development, which takes reward, fund and paper as the core, firmly controls the attention of university leaders and consumes a large amount of resources, which leads to the limited amount of university resources occupied by students and the "marginalization of students". Many universities still adopt the traditional teacher-centered approach to inculcate knowledge, and have not reconsidered the current educational concept, teaching model and administrative security system from the perspective of learners' needs. In order to construct a new talent training mechanism with students' learning and growth as the core, Chinese universities should first break the administrative thinking of university leaders and administrators from the perspective of ideas. The core of the development of the school is the needs of students' individual growth and the demand of talents for social development. Secondly, we should change the traditional teaching mode at the operational level and construct the learner-centered teaching system and administrative security system. In view of the problem of "student marginalization" in the cultivation of university talents in China and the strategy of national higher education reform, this paper systematically discusses the implementation background and construction method of the "student-centered" education system in Xijiao Liverpool University. The key link and preliminary effect are put forward, and some policy suggestions are put forward to promote the reform of talent training mode in universities in China.
【作者单位】：西交利物浦大学;西交利物浦大学领导与教育前沿研究院;
【基金】：教育部高等教育国际化示范区(苏州独墅湖科教创新区)国际化研究中心资助项目(编号:IRC201406)
【分类号】：G642

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