我国大学生总量性失业问题的经济学分析

发布时间：2018-07-29 09:40

【摘要】：近年来,随着高校扩招政策的实施,我国大学生总量性失业现象越来越严重,受到社会各界的广泛关注。本文在凯恩斯周期总量性失业模型框架下,结合我国大学生劳动力市场的特殊性,分析了大学生总量性失业产生的原因。主要原因包括过高的高等教育投资回报、过度高等教育补贴、企业经验歧视行为和金融危机的影响。其中,过高的高等教育投资回报是指,在官本位思想的作用下,我国高等教育投资除了可获得直接货币收益外,还能收获心理满足和地位提升等不可量化的投资回报；过度的高等教育补贴是指,政府和社会对高等教育补贴超过了高等教育的外部收益；企业经验歧视行为则是用人单位在招聘员工时,设定一些不合理的最低工作年限要求,使得应届毕业生被拒之门外；金融危机的影响主要是指08年次贷危机以来国际环境变化对我国经济的冲击。在此基础上,本文放宽了传统教育投资模型中完全就业假设条件,在模型中引入了失业概率,从而将期望预期收益取代预期收益概念,进一步分析了总量性失业条件下的个人高等教育投资决策行为,并提出,上不上大学的收入流差额过大导致了我国大学生总量性失业长期存在。大学生总量性失业影响到我国经济社会的发展,针对该问题产生的原因提出了五项对策：调低高等教育过高投资回报、提高非高等教育投资回报、完善高等教育补贴机制、规范用人单位用人制度和积极应对金融危机。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the implementation of the policy of college enrollment expansion, the phenomenon of total unemployment of college students in China is becoming more and more serious, which has received extensive attention from all walks of life. Under the framework of Keynesian periodic total unemployment model and the particularity of the labor market of college students in China, this paper analyzes the causes of the total unemployment of college students. The main causes include excessive return on investment in higher education, subsidies for excessive higher education, discriminatory behavior of enterprise experience and the impact of the financial crisis. Among them, the excessive return on higher education investment means that under the function of the official standard thought, the higher education investment in our country can not only obtain the direct monetary income, but also reap the unquantifiable return on investment, such as psychological satisfaction and status improvement. Excessive subsidies for higher education refer to the fact that the government and society have exceeded the external benefits of higher education, and the discriminatory behavior of enterprise experience means that employers set some unreasonable minimum working life requirements when recruiting employees. The impact of the financial crisis mainly refers to the impact of international environmental changes on China's economy since the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008. On this basis, we relax the assumption of full employment in the traditional educational investment model, introduce unemployment probability into the model, and replace the expected income with the expected income. This paper further analyzes the investment decision-making behavior of individual higher education under the condition of total unemployment, and points out whether the excess of income flow in college leads to the long-term existence of total unemployment of college students in our country. The total unemployment of college students affects the economic and social development of our country. In view of the causes of this problem, this paper puts forward five countermeasures: to lower the high return on investment in higher education, to improve the return on investment of non-higher education, and to perfect the subsidy mechanism of higher education. We should standardize the employing system of employers and actively respond to the financial crisis.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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