民国时期大学生就业研究（1912-1937）

发布时间：2018-09-05 09:41

【摘要】：民国时期大学生就业状况,不仅是一个复杂且尚需深入研究的问题,也是一个极具现实意义的问题。民国建立后,政府颁布了一些发展高等教育的法规,促进了高等教育的发展,大学生人数随之增多,其就业状况受到关注。从就业比例看,公立大学毕业生就业状况整体上比私立大学毕业生要好,不同地区、不同专业的大学生在就业方面存在差异。从就业方向来看,在政府鼓励师范教育、提高教师待遇的政策影响下,教育行业是不少大学毕业生的选择；其次是政府机关等部门；同时,民国时期经济的发展催生了大批的新兴部门与职业,给大学生带来了更多的就业选择。这一时期大学生就业方面有以下几个特点：首先是供求不平衡。包括学科需求间的不平衡及地区间的不平衡,这与高等教育学科间发展的不平衡有关,同时还受政府统筹就业及学生择业时的个人取向影响；其次是大学生就业期望值偏高。大学生是天之骄子,不仅是社会,包括他们自身都对自身的地位极为骄傲,认为自己有“了不得”的本领,对就业有较高期望；最后是大学生存在失业现象。民国时期,社会局势不稳,增加了大学生求职的难度,同时对已就业大学生职业的稳定性造成冲击。除受社会局势影响外,不同时期政府的就业政策及就业渠道也是影响大学生就业的一个重要因素。大学生就业途径主要包括政府统筹、依靠社会关系求职、靠自身努力求职等方式。高等教育体制及职业教育对大学生就业也有影响,职业教育适应社会发展的需要,对大学生就业有着积极的影响。学科间的不平衡发展及大学生的自身素质也是影响大学生就业的重要因素。
[Abstract]:In the period of the Republic of China, the employment situation of college students is not only a complex and still need to be studied deeply, but also a problem of great practical significance. After the founding of the Republic of China, the government promulgated some laws and regulations to develop higher education, which promoted the development of higher education. In terms of employment ratio, the employment situation of public university graduates is better than that of private university graduates on the whole, and there are differences in employment between different regions and different majors. In terms of employment direction, under the influence of the government's policy of encouraging teacher education and improving the treatment of teachers, the education industry is the choice of many university graduates, followed by government departments and other departments. At the same time, The economic development of the Republic of China gave birth to a large number of new departments and occupations, and brought more employment options to college students. In this period, the employment of college students has the following characteristics: the first is the imbalance between supply and demand. It includes the imbalance between the demands of subjects and the imbalance between regions, which is related to the imbalance of the development of higher education disciplines, and is also influenced by the government's overall planning of employment and the personal orientation of students' choice of employment, followed by the higher employment expectations of college students. College students are the proud children of nature, not only the society, including themselves, are very proud of their own status, think that they have the ability to "beyond", have a higher expectation of employment; finally, there is unemployment of college students. During the period of the Republic of China, the social situation was unstable, which increased the difficulty for college students to apply for jobs, and at the same time caused an impact on the stability of the employment of college students. In addition to the influence of social situation, the employment policies and channels of government in different periods are also an important factor affecting the employment of college students. The employment path of college students mainly includes the government as a whole, relying on social relations to seek employment, and on their own efforts to find a job. Higher education system and vocational education also have an impact on the employment of college students. Vocational education adapts to the needs of social development and has a positive impact on the employment of college students. The unbalanced development of subjects and the quality of college students are also the important factors affecting the employment of college students.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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