中美大学生就业服务体系比较研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 20:01

【摘要】：大学生就业已经成世界性的问题，这不仅是我国所面临的难题，世界各国都存在不同程度的大学生就业问题。在我国，随着大学生市场化就业体制改革和高校招生规模不断扩大，大学生就业形势日益严峻，如何发展和完善大学生就业服务体系，为帮助大学生就业提供指导和服务，越来越受到社会的广泛关注。针对大学生就业难问题，中美两国都建有不同水平的大学生就业服务体系，尽管两国在政治、经济、文化等各个方面有所不同，但是在大学生就业服务体系建设的目标、主体、内容等方面还是有很多相似之处。政府、高校、用人单位、中介组织和大学生共同构成了两国大学生就业服务体系的主体，以促进大学生就业为目的，各主体相互补充、合作发展，形成了以法律政策法规服务、就业指导服务、就业信息服务和创业指导服务等为主要内容的综合性就业服务体系。但是相比之下，美国大学生就业服务体系起步早，发展较为成熟，各主体的协作方式更为密切和灵活，是以“政府引导，社会广泛参与”为主要特点的立体化服务体系，这对进一步发展和完善我国的大学生就业服务体系具有深刻的借鉴意义。本文基于系统方法论，运用文献研究和比较研究方法，从中美大学生就业服务体系的主体和内容两个维度对其展开比较分析，挖掘其中的差异。为深入探索产生差异的原因，本文运用历史研究方法，结合两国体系形成发展过程中各种经济哲学思潮和经济社会改革的影响进一步分析，形成对两国体系发展历程的理性认识，得到两者发展趋势趋同的结论。在此基础上，进而借鉴美国大学生就业服务体系的有益做法，，对不断完善我国大学生就业服务体系提出相关建议。
[Abstract]:In our country, with the reform of college students' market-oriented employment system and the continuous expansion of college enrollment, the employment situation of college students is becoming increasingly grim. How to develop and improve the employment service system for college students to provide guidance and services for helping them obtain employment? More and more attention has been paid by the society. In view of the difficult problem of college students' employment, China and the United States have established different levels of employment service system for college students. Although the two countries have different political, economic, cultural and other aspects, the goal and the main body of the construction of the employment service system for college students are different. There are still many similarities in content and other aspects. The government, colleges and universities, employing units, intermediary organizations and college students jointly constitute the main body of the employment service system for college students in the two countries, with the aim of promoting the employment of college students, the main bodies complement each other and cooperate to develop, thus forming the service of laws and regulations. Employment guidance Service, Employment Information Service and Entrepreneurial guidance Service are the main contents of the comprehensive employment service system. However, in contrast, the employment service system of American college students starts early, develops more mature, and the cooperation mode of various subjects is closer and more flexible. It is a three-dimensional service system characterized by "government guidance and extensive social participation". It is of great significance to further develop and perfect the employment service system of college students in China. Based on the systematic methodology, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the employment service system of college students in China and the United States from the two dimensions of the main body and the content, using the methods of literature research and comparative study, and excavates the differences among them. In order to explore the causes of the differences, this paper further analyzes the influence of various economic philosophy thoughts and economic and social reforms in the process of the formation and development of the two countries' systems by using historical research methods. Forming a rational understanding of the development process of the two countries, and getting the conclusion that the development trend of the two countries converges. On this basis, and then draw lessons from the useful practices of the employment service system of American college students, put forward the relevant suggestions to improve the employment service system of college students in our country.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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