二战后美国高等教育发展研究（1945-1999）

发布时间：2018-11-15 18:22

【摘要】：本文运用了美国官方公布的相关数据、政府调查报告和国会通过的一系列高等教育改革法令法案等资料，以马克思唯物主义历史观为指导，综合运用文献分析法、历史分析法等方法，在借鉴前人的研究成果基础上，主要研究了二战后美国高等教育发展历程。美国现在之所以能拥有世界一流大学群体，离不开二战后美国高等教育的发展,美国在战后短短几年内成为世界科技霸主，也离不开其二战后高等教育的高速发展，所以研究其二战后高等教育发展历程对于我国高等教育发展具有非常重要的借鉴意义。本文追溯二战后美国高等教育的发展历程，分析其现状，总结其特点，以期对我国高等教育未来发展提出启示,为深化我国高等教育的改革提供参考。全文由绪论和正文两部分组成，，正文分五个部分展开论述：第一部分：1945年以前美国高等教育介绍——早期的以培养宗教人士为主的殖民地高等教育、二战前随着经济和科技发展工业技术学院的出现和繁荣、美国成为世界上最早重视高等科技教育的国家。二战期间美国高等教育的发展状况和遇到的问题。第二部分：二战后美国高等教育的发展——主要分阶段讲述20世纪50年代到90年代末美国高等教育不同时期的发展特点及成果。第三部分：二战后国际国内环境对美国高等教育发展的影响。第四部分：二战后美国高等教育发展的主要经验。有以下三个方面：第一，建立独立的高等教育法律体系。第二，注重高等教育与社会发展相结合。第三，调整高等教育人才培养结构的同时发展高等教育中职业技术。第五部分：二战后美国高等教育的发展对我国高等教育发展的启示与借鉴。主要表现出以下几个特点：第一，与市场接轨，做好科技成果转化；第二，完善行政干预下的高等教育市场调节机制；第三，建立适合当代的高等教育法律体系。
[Abstract]:Based on the relevant data released by the United States, the government investigation report and a series of higher education reform laws passed by Congress, this paper, guided by Marxist historical materialism, comprehensively applies the literature analysis method. On the basis of the previous research results, this paper mainly studies the development course of American higher education after World War II. The reason why the United States can now have a world-class group of universities is inseparable from the development of higher education in the United States after the second World War. The United States became the world science and technology hegemon in the short period after the war, as well as the rapid development of its higher education after the second world war. Therefore, the study of the development of higher education after World War II has a very important reference significance for the development of higher education in China. This paper traces the development course of American higher education after World War II, analyzes its present situation and summarizes its characteristics, in order to provide enlightenment for the future development of higher education in China and provide reference for deepening the reform of higher education in our country. The paper is composed of two parts: introduction and text. The text is divided into five parts: the first part: the introduction of American higher education before 1945, the early colonial higher education, which focused on the cultivation of religious personages. Before World War II, with the emergence and prosperity of the Institute of Economic and technological Development, the United States became the first country in the world to attach importance to higher science and technology education. The development and problems of American higher education during World War II. The second part: the development of American higher education after World War II, which mainly narrates the development characteristics and achievements of American higher education in different periods from 1950s to the end of 1990s. The third part: the influence of international and domestic environment on the development of American higher education after World War II. The fourth part: the main experience of American higher education development after World War II. There are the following three aspects: first, the establishment of an independent higher education legal system. Second, pay attention to the combination of higher education and social development. Third, adjust higher education personnel training structure while developing vocational technology in higher education. The fifth part: the enlightenment and reference of the development of American higher education to our country's higher education development after World War II. It mainly shows the following characteristics: first, to connect with the market, to do a good job in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements; second, to improve the market regulation mechanism of higher education under administrative intervention; third, to establish a legal system suitable for contemporary higher education.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.712

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